跟讀練習: Linux in 100 Seconds - 通過影片學習英語口語

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35 句

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Linux, an open source operating system that makes it possible for humans to play with computers.

It was created in 1991 by University of Helsinki student Linus Torvalds.

His goal was to create a free version of the Minix operating system, which itself was based on Unix.

Today, it's used everywhere.

Like the vast majority of web servers, embedded apps like your smart TV, mobile devices running Android, and is by far the best choice for your personal computer,

with many different distros to choose from, like Debian, Arch, and Fedora, just to name a few.

Just like Windows or Mac OS, Linux is an operating system that manages a computer's memory and processes, allowing hardware to communicate with software.

When you fire up a Linux machine, a bootloader will first put the system into memory.

At its core, we have the kernel, which is like a seed from which the rest of the operating system grows.

It's divided into multiple smaller subsystems, like a process scheduler, device drivers, and a memory manager.

They're exposed with the system call interface, which itself is wrapped with the C standard library, which provides an API that user applications can interact with.

Now beyond the kernel, we have applications that make the OS usable for humans, which are provided primarily via the GNU project, like a shell to interact with the kernel from the command line,

windowing systems on desktop, developer utilities, and countless other applications.

To get started, install your favorite Linux distro.

Open the terminal and notice how we're logged in as the root user on a specific Linux machine.

Currently, we're in the home directory of the root user, which is shortened to this tilde character.

Show its full name with the print working directory command.

Now use change directories with a double period to go to the root of the file system.

Use the ls command to print all the subdirectories here.

These are your critical system files.

Let's go back home with cd tilde.

Now create a new file with touch, then edit it from the terminal with a tool like vi, vim, nano, or emacs.

In vim, type i to insert, write your screenplay, hit escape, then colon wq to write it to the file system.

Now use the cat command to read the file.

If it's really big, use grep to find all the lines in that file that contain a search term or pattern.

If we want to see how big that file is, we can enter the disk usage command.

Every file has an owner and a set of permissions assigned to it.

We can change the owner with the chown command, or its permissions with chmod.

Now, if your current user doesn't have proper permissions, you can put superuserdo in front of any command to run it with elevated privileges.

To install new software on this machine, we can use a package manager like Advanced Package Tool, which will retrieve the code from the cloud and place it in the proper location on your system.

We just went through a bunch of commands.

Let's recap everything with history.

This has been Linux in 100 seconds.

If you want to see more short videos like this, hit the like button and subscribe.

Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.

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流利口語所需的一切

AI 發音評分逐句打分

音標練習掌握每個音

詞彙學習建立你的詞庫

詞彙遊戲邊玩邊學

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Linux in 100 Seconds”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：command, file, Linux, user, operating。這段影片共有 35 個句子、558 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 2:39。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 210 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。只有 78% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
kernel 名詞	/ˈkɝ.nəl/	核心
directory 名詞	/dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/	名錄 /名錄, 簿
distro 名詞	/ˈdɪstɹoʊ/	發行版
tilde 名詞	/ˈtɪldə/	∼, ~
interact 動詞	/ɪn.təˈɹækt/	互動 /互動
install 動詞	/ɪnˈstɔl/	安裝 /安裝
nanotechnology 名詞	/ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/	奈米科技 /奈米科技, 奈米技術 /奈米技術
shorten 動詞	/ˈʃɔɹtn̩/	弄短
subdirectory 名詞		子目錄 /子目錄
usable 形容詞	/ˈjuː.zə.bəl/	可用
screenplay 名詞	/ˈskɹiːnˌpleɪ/	電影劇本 /電影劇本, 劇本 /劇本
colon 名詞	/ˈkoʊ.lən/	冒號 /冒號
assign 動詞	/əˈsaɪn/	分配, 分派
retrieve 動詞	/ɹɪˈtɹiːv/	重拾
desktop 名詞	/ˈdɛsktɒp/	桌面

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
go back 動詞	回去, 返回
go through 動詞	通過 /通過

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	was created · was based · is wrapped
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	kernel, which is · humans, which are · user, which is

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 4 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 we're, doesn't, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: scheduler /ˈʃɛdjələ/, shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/
長單詞——注意重音位置: directory /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/, nanotechnology /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/, developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, desktop /ˈdɛsktɒp/, countless /ˈkaʊntləs/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: screenplay /ˈskɹiːnˌpleɪ/, privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 kernel, directory, distro 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Linux in 100 Seconds - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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