跟读练习: Linux in 100 Seconds - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Linux, an open source operating system that makes it possible for humans to play with computers.
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It was created in 1991 by University of Helsinki student Linus Torvalds.
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His goal was to create a free version of the Minix operating system, which itself was based on Unix.
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Today, it's used everywhere.
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Like the vast majority of web servers, embedded apps like your smart TV, mobile devices running Android, and is by far the best choice for your personal computer,
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with many different distros to choose from, like Debian, Arch, and Fedora, just to name a few.
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Just like Windows or Mac OS, Linux is an operating system that manages a computer's memory and processes, allowing hardware to communicate with software.
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When you fire up a Linux machine, a bootloader will first put the system into memory.
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At its core, we have the kernel, which is like a seed from which the rest of the operating system grows.
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It's divided into multiple smaller subsystems, like a process scheduler, device drivers, and a memory manager.
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They're exposed with the system call interface, which itself is wrapped with the C standard library, which provides an API that user applications can interact with.
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Now beyond the kernel, we have applications that make the OS usable for humans, which are provided primarily via the GNU project, like a shell to interact with the kernel from the command line,
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windowing systems on desktop, developer utilities, and countless other applications.
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To get started, install your favorite Linux distro.
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Open the terminal and notice how we're logged in as the root user on a specific Linux machine.
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Currently, we're in the home directory of the root user, which is shortened to this tilde character.
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Show its full name with the print working directory command.
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Now use change directories with a double period to go to the root of the file system.
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Use the ls command to print all the subdirectories here.
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These are your critical system files.
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Let's go back home with cd tilde.
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Now create a new file with touch, then edit it from the terminal with a tool like vi, vim, nano, or emacs.
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In vim, type i to insert, write your screenplay, hit escape, then colon wq to write it to the file system.
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Now use the cat command to read the file.
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If it's really big, use grep to find all the lines in that file that contain a search term or pattern.
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If we want to see how big that file is, we can enter the disk usage command.
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Every file has an owner and a set of permissions assigned to it.
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We can change the owner with the chown command, or its permissions with chmod.
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Now, if your current user doesn't have proper permissions, you can put superuserdo in front of any command to run it with elevated privileges.
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To install new software on this machine, we can use a package manager like Advanced Package Tool, which will retrieve the code from the cloud and place it in the proper location on your system.
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We just went through a bunch of commands.
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Let's recap everything with history.
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This has been Linux in 100 seconds.
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If you want to see more short videos like this, hit the like button and subscribe.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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关于本课
您正在使用跟读技巧通过视频"Linux in 100 Seconds"练习英语口语和发音。
每天练习15到30分钟，将显著提高您的英语流利度和发音准确度。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。