Pratica di Shadowing: Linux in 100 Seconds - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Linux, an open source operating system that makes it possible for humans to play with computers.

It was created in 1991 by University of Helsinki student Linus Torvalds.

His goal was to create a free version of the Minix operating system, which itself was based on Unix.

Today, it's used everywhere.

Like the vast majority of web servers, embedded apps like your smart TV, mobile devices running Android, and is by far the best choice for your personal computer,

with many different distros to choose from, like Debian, Arch, and Fedora, just to name a few.

Just like Windows or Mac OS, Linux is an operating system that manages a computer's memory and processes, allowing hardware to communicate with software.

When you fire up a Linux machine, a bootloader will first put the system into memory.

At its core, we have the kernel, which is like a seed from which the rest of the operating system grows.

It's divided into multiple smaller subsystems, like a process scheduler, device drivers, and a memory manager.

They're exposed with the system call interface, which itself is wrapped with the C standard library, which provides an API that user applications can interact with.

Now beyond the kernel, we have applications that make the OS usable for humans, which are provided primarily via the GNU project, like a shell to interact with the kernel from the command line,

windowing systems on desktop, developer utilities, and countless other applications.

To get started, install your favorite Linux distro.

Open the terminal and notice how we're logged in as the root user on a specific Linux machine.

Currently, we're in the home directory of the root user, which is shortened to this tilde character.

Show its full name with the print working directory command.

Now use change directories with a double period to go to the root of the file system.

Use the ls command to print all the subdirectories here.

These are your critical system files.

Let's go back home with cd tilde.

Now create a new file with touch, then edit it from the terminal with a tool like vi, vim, nano, or emacs.

In vim, type i to insert, write your screenplay, hit escape, then colon wq to write it to the file system.

Now use the cat command to read the file.

If it's really big, use grep to find all the lines in that file that contain a search term or pattern.

If we want to see how big that file is, we can enter the disk usage command.

Every file has an owner and a set of permissions assigned to it.

We can change the owner with the chown command, or its permissions with chmod.

Now, if your current user doesn't have proper permissions, you can put superuserdo in front of any command to run it with elevated privileges.

To install new software on this machine, we can use a package manager like Advanced Package Tool, which will retrieve the code from the cloud and place it in the proper location on your system.

We just went through a bunch of commands.

Let's recap everything with history.

This has been Linux in 100 seconds.

If you want to see more short videos like this, hit the like button and subscribe.

Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.

📺 Stesso Canale

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “Linux in 100 Seconds”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: command, file, Linux, user, operating. Questo video contiene 35 frasi e 558 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 2:39. Chi parla va veloce, circa 210 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Solo il 78% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
kernel sostantivo	/ˈkɝ.nəl/	nucleo, nocciolo
directory sostantivo	/dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/	elenco, lista
tilde sostantivo	/ˈtɪldə/	tilde
interact verbo	/ɪn.təˈɹækt/	interagire
install verbo	/ɪnˈstɔl/	installare
elevate verbo	/ˈɛləveɪt/	elevare
nanotechnology sostantivo	/ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/	nanotecnologia
shorten verbo	/ˈʃɔɹtn̩/	accorciarescorciare
screenplay sostantivo	/ˈskɹiːnˌpleɪ/	sceneggiatura
colon sostantivo	/ˈkoʊ.lən/	due punti
assign verbo	/əˈsaɪn/	assegnare, accantonare
retrieve verbo	/ɹɪˈtɹiːv/	recuperare, riguadagnare
desktop sostantivo	/ˈdɛsktɒp/	computer fisso, calcolatore fisso
countless aggettivo	/ˈkaʊntləs/	innumerevole, incalcolabile
expose verbo	/ɪkˈspoʊz/	esporre, evidenziare

I phrasal verb che sentirai

Parola	Significato
go back verbo	tornare
go through verbo	attraversare

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

Struttura	Nel video
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa	was created · was based · is wrapped
Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa	kernel, which is · humans, which are · user, which is

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 4 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we're, doesn't, they're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

I suoni “sh” e “zh”: scheduler /ˈʃɛdjələ/, shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/
Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: directory /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/, nanotechnology /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, desktop /ˈdɛsktɒp/, countless /ˈkaʊntləs/
/æ/ — più aperta della “e”: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, nanotechnology /ˌnænoʊtɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/, wrap /ɹæp/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come kernel, directory, tilde.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

I phrasal verb che sentirai

La grammatica di questo video

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?