Shadowing-Übung: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Arachnophobia - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
Lektion wird erstellt...
1
Arachnophobia or fear of spiders, is one of the most common phobias around.
2
Yet the vast majority of spiders that we come across are completely harmless.
3
So where does this irrational fear come from?
4
A group of scientists think they may have the answer.
5
Joanna Taylor reports.
6
From a young age many people regard spiders with terror.
7
based on previous research psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents
8
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
9
A recent study, however, indicates that a special reaction to spiders could be something we're born with.
10
Cognitive psychologist Dr. Brian Anderson explains more about how the study was carried out.
11
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
12
that has been with us for centuries.
13
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
14
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider.
15
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
16
7 to 8 seconds longer The experiment was repeated several times.
17
Sometimes replacing the spider image with one of a flower.
18
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
19
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
20
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
21
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
22
or that they're feared by many people.
23
But Dr. Anderson, how often do any of us actually encounter a poisonous spider?
24
Not often.
25
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
26
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
27
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
28
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat,
29
Unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants, that can be seen clearly from a distance.
30
So among our ancestors, those who are instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an arachnophobic gene, if you like.
31
would have been more likely to spot it quickly, Either run, or kill it, and thus survived.
32
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
33
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
34
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
35
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
36
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
37
This study has implications for all phobia research.
38
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
39
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older for example
40
Why does a child fear darkness more than an adult?
41
Is it because a child lost in the African bush after dark would have been easy prey for animal predators?
42
Further study in this field may answer these questions and more.
43
Number one.
44
What did the original research on fear of spiders indicate?
45
Number 2 What did the study actually measure?
46
Number 3.
47
What was the main finding of the study?
48
Number four.
49
Why might arachnophobia be more common in women?
50
Number five.
51
What could further research in this area clarify?
52
Music.
53
Based on previous research, psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
54
Based on previous research, psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
55
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
56
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
57
7 to 8 seconds longer, What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture,
58
They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
59
7 to 8 seconds longer,
60
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited.
61
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
62
or that they're feared by many people.
63
See our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
64
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
65
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
66
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
67
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
68
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older.
69
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
70
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older.
71
Music.
72
Arachnophobia, or fear of spiders, is one of the most common phobias around.
73
So where does this irrational fear come from?
74
From a young age, many people regard spiders with terror.
75
psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
76
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
77
A recent study, however, indicates that a special reaction to spiders could be something we're born with.
78
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
79
that has been with us for centuries.
80
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because it
81
But Dr. Anderson, how often do any of us actually encounter a poisonous spider?
82
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, they're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
83
Music.
84
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
85
that has been with us for centuries.
86
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
87
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider,
88
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it for longer than on any of the other images.
89
7 to 8 seconds longer,
90
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
91
that has been with us for centuries.
92
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
93
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider.
94
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fixed their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
95
7 to 8 seconds longer, The experiment was repeated several times.
96
Sometimes replacing the spider image, with one of a flower.
97
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
98
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
99
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
100
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old,
101
we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly or that they're feared by many people.
102
The experiment was repeated several times.
103
Sometimes replacing the spider image, with one of a flower.
104
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
105
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
106
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
107
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
108
or that they're feared by many people.
109
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
110
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
111
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
112
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
113
unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants that can be seen clearly from a distance.
114
So among our ancestors, those who were instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an arachnophobic gene if you like,
115
would have been more likely to spot it quickly.
116
Either run, or kill it and thus survive.
117
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
118
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
119
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
120
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
121
Unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants, that can be seen clearly from a distance.
122
So among our ancestors, those who are instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an "arachnophobic gene" if you like.
123
would have been more likely to spot it quickly, either run, or kill it, and thus survive.
124
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
125
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
126
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
127
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting, so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
128
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
129
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
130
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
131
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
132
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
133
Music
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Über diese Lektion
In dieser Lektion werden Sie sich mit dem Thema Arachnophobie, also der Angst vor Spinnen, beschäftigen. Sie hören einen Vortrag, der interessante Erkenntnisse über die Ursachen dieser Angst und deren evolutionäre Hintergründe bietet. Durch das Hören und Nachahmen des Vortrags verbessern Sie Ihre Englischkenntnisse, insbesondere Ihr Verständnis komplexer Ideen und Ihren Wortschatz. Diese Übung ist besonders hilfreich, um Ihr Englisch sprechen üben zu optimieren und mehr Selbstvertrauen im Sprechen zu gewinnen.
Schlüsselvokabeln & Phrasen
- Arachnophobie - Angst vor Spinnen
- irrational - irrational
- genetisch - genetic
- Instinkt - instinct
- evolutionär - evolutionary
- Angst - fear
- Verhalten - behavior
- Überleben - survival
Übungstipps
Um das shadow speech effektiv zu praktizieren, sollten Sie den Vortrag mehrmals anhören und dabei darauf achten, wie der Sprecher seine Ideen formuliert. Beginnen Sie mit einer langsamen Wiedergabe, um die Kunst der shadowspeaks zu trainieren. Versuchen Sie, die Betonung und Intonation des Sprechers nachzuahmen. Achten Sie besonders auf die Emotionen, die mit den verschiedenen Themen verbunden sind, insbesondere wenn es um Ängste geht.
Eine weitere hilfreiche Technik ist das shadowspeak: Wiederholen Sie die Sätze sofort nach dem Hören, um Ihre Aussprache zu verbessern und Ihre Sprachgewohnheiten zu stärken. Nutzen Sie Pausen zwischen den Sätzen, um Ihr Verständnis zu überprüfen und sicherzustellen, dass Sie die Begriffe korrekt verwenden. Diese Technik steigert nicht nur Ihre Fähigkeit, flüssig zu sprechen, sondern hilft Ihnen auch, den neuen Wortschatz effektiver zu integrieren.
Letztendlich ist es wichtig, Geduld zu haben und regelmäßig zu üben. Das Englisch Shadowing wird Ihnen helfen, Ihre Sprechfähigkeiten zu verbessern und ein tieferes Verständnis für die englische Sprache zu entwickeln.
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | has been · you've spotted · has stayed |
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | was carried · were shown · was repeated |
| Relativsätze who / which + Satz – eine Zusatzinformation über eine Person oder Sache | those who are · those who were |
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.