Shadowing-Übung: TOEFL Listening Lecture | Ecosystems - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video

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Music Music Music Music Music
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Nature's ecosystems are delicate and the species that inhabit them are closely interrelated.
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While we can learn valuable lessons by studying natural processes, man's careless intervention can have negative consequences for the environment.
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Gary Jenkins reports.
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Macquarie Island is located about halfway between Australia and Antarctica.
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It was once an uninhabited island with a unique ecosystem.
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But the arrival of Europeans resulted in widespread destruction to the flora and fauna of this designated
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World Heritage Site.
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Ecologist Dr. Stella Burnham is here to tell us about how this ecological disaster came about.
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To understand the scale of the disaster, we must first look at the history of Macquarie Island.
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It was discovered in 1810 when traders came on sailing ships to hunt seals there.
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When rodents on the ship started eating up the crew's food supplies, the sailors introduced cats as a predator.
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Unfortunately, they escaped the ships and reached the island.
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Later, with rodents eating the ship's supplies, rabbits were introduced and released onto the island by the sailors as an alternative food source for the crew.
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Over time, the rabbit population expanded dramatically.
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Eventually, they fell prey to the cats that helped to keep their numbers down, but not before causing significant damage to the island's plant life.
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Why?
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Because rabbits are herbivores.
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In 1968, as a means of protecting the island's remaining flora,
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scientists introduced nexomatosis, a disease fatal to rabbits.
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As a result, the rabbit population plummeted from 130 ,000 in 1978 to less than 20 ,000 within a decade,
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and the island's vegetation recovered.
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The problem is, though, that species are interdependent, so as the rabbit population declined, cats looked for new prey,
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and this had major repercussions for the island's ecosystem.
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Yes, it did, because the cats began hunting the island's native birds that nest in the ground.
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Eventually, measures were taken to save the native species of birds.
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A cat eradication program began in 1985, and the last cat was killed in the year 2000.
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However, myxomatosis had failed to keep the numbers of rabbits in check,
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and now with its major predator the cat eliminated the rabbit population soared
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satellite images show that rabbits have reduced large areas of complex vegetation to short grazed lawns
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or bare ground by 2007 the threat to some protected valleys
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and slopes was serious our estimations indicate nearly 40 % of the island area has undergone a change.
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So you can see that invasive species, in this case the cat and the rabbit, consider major changes, including extinction.
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In extreme cases, there is ecosystem meltdown or total collapse.
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That's why we sometimes have to eliminate an alien species.
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What happened here is an example of trophic cascades the domino
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effect on the food chain caused by changes in the numbers of species.
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When one species becomes abundant, it can eat another's food supply, feed on another species, plant or animal,
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or devastate local flora, which in turn affects more species in the chain.
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Our studies show there is also a link between trophic cascades and the removal of an invasive species.
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You see, removing the cat, for example, also adversely affected other ecosystems.
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The birds recovered, but the rabbit population soared, and then vegetation suffered.
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So the advantages gained by removing the invader may be lost because another species can thrive.
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On Macquarie Island, ecosystems have been destroyed, and years of conservation work to save its vegetation are threatened.
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So what do we learn from the events on Macquarie Island?
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Clearly human intervention in ecosystems must be viable and comprehensive.
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This implies that we must evaluate not only the benefits, but also the potential risks of human interference,
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so as to avoid repeating past mistakes that can cost millions of dollars to put right, if they can be corrected at all.
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Number 1.
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Why does Dr. Burnham discuss the case of Macquarie Island?
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Number 2.
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Why was myxomatosis introduced by scientists?
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Number 3.
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What was the effect of wiping out the cats?
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Number 4.
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Why is the removal of an alien species dangerous?
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Number 5.
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What do we learn from the research on Macquarie Island?
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It was once an uninhabited island with a unique ecosystem.
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But the arrival of Europeans resulted in widespread destruction to the flora and fauna of this designated
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World Heritage Site.
62
In 1968, as a means of protecting the island's remaining flora,
63
scientists introduced myxomatosis, a disease fatal to rabbits.
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As a result, the rabbit population plummeted from 130 ,000 in 1978 to less than 20 ,000 within a decade,
65
and the island's vegetation recovered.
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However, myxomatosis had failed to keep the numbers of rabbits in check, and now, with its major predator,
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the cat, eliminated, the rabbit population soared.
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What happened here is an example of trophic cascades, the domino effect on the food chain caused by changes in the numbers of species.
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Our studies show there is also a link between trophic cascades and the removal of an invasive species.
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Clearly, human intervention in ecosystems must be viable and comprehensive.
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This implies that we must evaluate not only the benefits, but also the potential risks of human interference.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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you I'm sorry.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.

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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion

Diese Sprechübung basiert auf dem Video „TOEFL Listening Lecture“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: rabbit, species, cat, island, ecosystem. Dieses Video enthält 77 Sätze und 853 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 10:50. Der Sprecher spricht langsam, etwa 79 Wörter pro Minute, sodass genug Zeit bleibt, jeden Laut nachzuahmen. Nur 76 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen, der Wortschatz ist also anspruchsvoll.

Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video

15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:

WortAusspracheBedeutung
rabbit Substantiv/ˈɹæbɪt/Kaninchen, Karnickel
ecosystem Substantiv/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/Ökosystem
introduce Verb/ˌɪntɹəˈdus/vorstellen, bekannt machen
vegetation Substantiv/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/Vegetation, Pflanzenwuchs
flora Substantiv/ˈflɔː.ɹə/Flora, Pflanzenreich
removal Substantiv/ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/Umzug
recover Verb/ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/zurückgewinnen
intervention Substantiv/ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/Intervention, Eingriff
scientist Substantiv/ˈsaɪəntəst/Wissenschaftler, Wissenschaftlerin
eliminate Verb/ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/eliminieren, zerstören
predator Substantiv/ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/Raubtier, Raubfisch
arrival Substantiv/əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/Ankunft, Eintreffen
disaster Substantiv/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/Desaster, Unglück
comprehensive Adjektiv/ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/umfassend, umfangreich
destruction Substantiv/dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/Zerstörung, Vernichtung

Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst

WortBedeutung
eat up Verbaufessen, zusammenessen
wipe out Verbauslöschen, vernichten

Grammatik in diesem Video

Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:

StrukturIm Video
Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tutis located · was discovered · were introduced
Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig isthave reduced · has undergone · have been destroyed

Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest

  • Die „th“-Laute: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, thrive /θɹajv/
  • Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/
  • Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/

Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:

  • /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): widespread /ˌwaɪdˈspɹɛd/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/, halfway /ˌhæfˈweɪ/, wipe /waɪp/
  • Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: invasive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, widespread /ˌwaɪdˈspɹɛd/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, thrive /θɹajv/
  • /æ/ — offener als „ä“: rabbit /ˈɹæbɪt/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, satellite /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/, collapse /kəˈlæps/, halfway /ˌhæfˈweɪ/

So übst du mit diesem Video

  1. Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
  2. Sprich Satz für Satz in normaler Geschwindigkeit nach und wiederhole jeden, bis dein Rhythmus zum Sprecher passt.
  3. Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie rabbit, ecosystem, introduce.

Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?

Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.

Shadowing-Technik: die vollständige Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung lesen →