Prática de Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Lecture | Ecosystems - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Music Music Music Music Music
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Nature's ecosystems are delicate and the species that inhabit them are closely interrelated.
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While we can learn valuable lessons by studying natural processes, man's careless intervention can have negative consequences for the environment.
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Gary Jenkins reports.
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Macquarie Island is located about halfway between Australia and Antarctica.
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It was once an uninhabited island with a unique ecosystem.
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But the arrival of Europeans resulted in widespread destruction to the flora and fauna of this designated
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World Heritage Site.
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Ecologist Dr. Stella Burnham is here to tell us about how this ecological disaster came about.
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To understand the scale of the disaster, we must first look at the history of Macquarie Island.
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It was discovered in 1810 when traders came on sailing ships to hunt seals there.
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When rodents on the ship started eating up the crew's food supplies, the sailors introduced cats as a predator.
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Unfortunately, they escaped the ships and reached the island.
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Later, with rodents eating the ship's supplies, rabbits were introduced and released onto the island by the sailors as an alternative food source for the crew.
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Over time, the rabbit population expanded dramatically.
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Eventually, they fell prey to the cats that helped to keep their numbers down, but not before causing significant damage to the island's plant life.
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Why?
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Because rabbits are herbivores.
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In 1968, as a means of protecting the island's remaining flora,
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scientists introduced nexomatosis, a disease fatal to rabbits.
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As a result, the rabbit population plummeted from 130 ,000 in 1978 to less than 20 ,000 within a decade,
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and the island's vegetation recovered.
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The problem is, though, that species are interdependent, so as the rabbit population declined, cats looked for new prey,
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and this had major repercussions for the island's ecosystem.
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Yes, it did, because the cats began hunting the island's native birds that nest in the ground.
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Eventually, measures were taken to save the native species of birds.
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A cat eradication program began in 1985, and the last cat was killed in the year 2000.
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However, myxomatosis had failed to keep the numbers of rabbits in check,
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and now with its major predator the cat eliminated the rabbit population soared
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satellite images show that rabbits have reduced large areas of complex vegetation to short grazed lawns
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or bare ground by 2007 the threat to some protected valleys
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and slopes was serious our estimations indicate nearly 40 % of the island area has undergone a change.
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So you can see that invasive species, in this case the cat and the rabbit, consider major changes, including extinction.
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In extreme cases, there is ecosystem meltdown or total collapse.
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That's why we sometimes have to eliminate an alien species.
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What happened here is an example of trophic cascades the domino
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effect on the food chain caused by changes in the numbers of species.
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When one species becomes abundant, it can eat another's food supply, feed on another species, plant or animal,
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or devastate local flora, which in turn affects more species in the chain.
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Our studies show there is also a link between trophic cascades and the removal of an invasive species.
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You see, removing the cat, for example, also adversely affected other ecosystems.
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The birds recovered, but the rabbit population soared, and then vegetation suffered.
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So the advantages gained by removing the invader may be lost because another species can thrive.
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On Macquarie Island, ecosystems have been destroyed, and years of conservation work to save its vegetation are threatened.
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So what do we learn from the events on Macquarie Island?
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Clearly human intervention in ecosystems must be viable and comprehensive.
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This implies that we must evaluate not only the benefits, but also the potential risks of human interference,
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so as to avoid repeating past mistakes that can cost millions of dollars to put right, if they can be corrected at all.
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Number 1.
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Why does Dr. Burnham discuss the case of Macquarie Island?
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Number 2.
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Why was myxomatosis introduced by scientists?
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Number 3.
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What was the effect of wiping out the cats?
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Number 4.
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Why is the removal of an alien species dangerous?
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Number 5.
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What do we learn from the research on Macquarie Island?
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It was once an uninhabited island with a unique ecosystem.
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But the arrival of Europeans resulted in widespread destruction to the flora and fauna of this designated
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World Heritage Site.
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In 1968, as a means of protecting the island's remaining flora,
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scientists introduced myxomatosis, a disease fatal to rabbits.
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As a result, the rabbit population plummeted from 130 ,000 in 1978 to less than 20 ,000 within a decade,
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and the island's vegetation recovered.
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However, myxomatosis had failed to keep the numbers of rabbits in check, and now, with its major predator,
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the cat, eliminated, the rabbit population soared.
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What happened here is an example of trophic cascades, the domino effect on the food chain caused by changes in the numbers of species.
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Our studies show there is also a link between trophic cascades and the removal of an invasive species.
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Clearly, human intervention in ecosystems must be viable and comprehensive.
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This implies that we must evaluate not only the benefits, but also the potential risks of human interference.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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you I'm sorry.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “TOEFL Listening Lecture”. As palavras que mais se repetem: rabbit, species, cat, island, ecosystem. Este vídeo tem 77 frases e 853 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 10:50. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 79 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. Apenas 76% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
rabbit substantivo/ˈɹæbɪt/coelho
ecosystem substantivo/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ecossistema
introduce verbo/ˌɪntɹəˈdus/apresentar
vegetation substantivo/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/vegetação
flora substantivo/ˈflɔː.ɹə/flora
removal substantivo/ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/remoção, eliminação
recover verbo/ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/recuperar
intervention substantivo/ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/intervenção
scientist substantivo/ˈsaɪəntəst/cientista
eliminate verbo/ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/eliminar
predator substantivo/ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/predador
invasive adjetivo/ɪnˈveɪsɪv/invasor
arrival substantivo/əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/chegada, vinda
disaster substantivo/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/desastre
comprehensive adjetivo/ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/abrangente

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

PalavraSignificado
wipe out verboaniquilar, exterminar

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazis located · was discovered · were introduced
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agorahave reduced · has undergone · have been destroyed

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

  • Os sons de “th”: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, thrive /θɹajv/
  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: rabbit /ˈɹæbɪt/, scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, widespread /ˌwaɪdˈspɹɛd/, evaluate /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/, fatal /ˈfeɪ.təl/, viable /ˈvaɪəbəl/, seal /siːl/, sail /seɪl/
  • /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, halfway /ˌhæfˈweɪ/, uninhabited /ˌʌn.ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tɪd/, herbivore /ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/, inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como rabbit, ecosystem, introduce.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →