تدريب Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Arachnophobia - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
1
Arachnophobia or fear of spiders, is one of the most common phobias around.
2
Yet the vast majority of spiders that we come across are completely harmless.
3
So where does this irrational fear come from?
4
A group of scientists think they may have the answer.
5
Joanna Taylor reports.
6
From a young age many people regard spiders with terror.
7
based on previous research psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents
8
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
9
A recent study, however, indicates that a special reaction to spiders could be something we're born with.
10
Cognitive psychologist Dr. Brian Anderson explains more about how the study was carried out.
11
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
12
that has been with us for centuries.
13
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
14
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider.
15
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
16
7 to 8 seconds longer The experiment was repeated several times.
17
Sometimes replacing the spider image with one of a flower.
18
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
19
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
20
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
21
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
22
or that they're feared by many people.
23
But Dr. Anderson, how often do any of us actually encounter a poisonous spider?
24
Not often.
25
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
26
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
27
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
28
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat,
29
Unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants, that can be seen clearly from a distance.
30
So among our ancestors, those who are instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an arachnophobic gene, if you like.
31
would have been more likely to spot it quickly, Either run, or kill it, and thus survived.
32
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
33
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
34
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
35
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
36
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
37
This study has implications for all phobia research.
38
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
39
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older for example
40
Why does a child fear darkness more than an adult?
41
Is it because a child lost in the African bush after dark would have been easy prey for animal predators?
42
Further study in this field may answer these questions and more.
43
Number one.
44
What did the original research on fear of spiders indicate?
45
Number 2 What did the study actually measure?
46
Number 3.
47
What was the main finding of the study?
48
Number four.
49
Why might arachnophobia be more common in women?
50
Number five.
51
What could further research in this area clarify?
52
Music.
53
Based on previous research, psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
54
Based on previous research, psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
55
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
56
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
57
7 to 8 seconds longer, What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture,
58
They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
59
7 to 8 seconds longer,
60
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited.
61
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
62
or that they're feared by many people.
63
See our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
64
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
65
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
66
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
67
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
68
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older.
69
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
70
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older.
71
Music.
72
Arachnophobia, or fear of spiders, is one of the most common phobias around.
73
So where does this irrational fear come from?
74
From a young age, many people regard spiders with terror.
75
psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
76
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
77
A recent study, however, indicates that a special reaction to spiders could be something we're born with.
78
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
79
that has been with us for centuries.
80
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because it
81
But Dr. Anderson, how often do any of us actually encounter a poisonous spider?
82
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, they're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
83
Music.
84
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
85
that has been with us for centuries.
86
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
87
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider,
88
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it for longer than on any of the other images.
89
7 to 8 seconds longer,
90
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
91
that has been with us for centuries.
92
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
93
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider.
94
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fixed their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
95
7 to 8 seconds longer, The experiment was repeated several times.
96
Sometimes replacing the spider image, with one of a flower.
97
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
98
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
99
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
100
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old,
101
we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly or that they're feared by many people.
102
The experiment was repeated several times.
103
Sometimes replacing the spider image, with one of a flower.
104
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
105
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
106
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
107
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
108
or that they're feared by many people.
109
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
110
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
111
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
112
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
113
unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants that can be seen clearly from a distance.
114
So among our ancestors, those who were instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an arachnophobic gene if you like,
115
would have been more likely to spot it quickly.
116
Either run, or kill it and thus survive.
117
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
118
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
119
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
120
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
121
Unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants, that can be seen clearly from a distance.
122
So among our ancestors, those who are instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an "arachnophobic gene" if you like.
123
would have been more likely to spot it quickly, either run, or kill it, and thus survive.
124
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
125
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
126
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
127
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting, so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
128
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
129
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
130
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
131
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
132
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
133
Music
📺 نفس القناة
C13
TOEFL Listening Practice | Academic Talk | 2026
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
TOEFL Listening: Are You Ready for the New Announcements?
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
TOEFL Listening Practice | Choose a Response Practice with Answers
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
TOEFL Listening Lecture | Machine Learning
TOEFL PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B12
TOEFL Listening Practice | Conversation #28 | Student Orientation
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | The Warrior Gene (M.A.O.A.)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
TOEFL Listening Practice 2026 4 Academic Talks Answer Key
TOEFL PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1TOEFL Listening 2026: Academic Talk Practice to Level Up Test Day
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ فيديو موصى به
C13
89 جمل
Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 3 Lecture with Powerpoint
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
385 جمل
Is spider web really stronger than steel?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
31 جمل
4 Subject Link 6 C1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
380 جمل
A man hiked in the woods. Every brain cell got cooked.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
86 جمل
Why We Should NOT Look For Aliens - The Dark Forest
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
458 جمل
Как набрать больше 100 баллов TOEFL без особых усилий
TOEFL PrepInterview EnglishUniversity Students
C13
67 جمل
Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
50 جمل
IELTS Listening Practice Test 2026 | Section 4 | Coral Reefs | Questions 31-40 | With Answers
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B234 جمل
Lucy Cooke on: Bats
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
45 جمل
Photic sneezing: IELTS LISTENING Vol 4 Test 4 Section 4 (IELTS Listening Recent Actual Test)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1887
23 جمل
Shadowing AFC22
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
حول هذا الدرس
في هذا الدرس، ستتعلم كيفية ممارسة الاستماع والتحدث باللغة الإنجليزية من خلال موضوع مثير يتعلق بالرهاب من العناكب أو الأراكنوفوبيا. من خلال الاستماع إلى الشرح المفصل من الخبراء، ستكتسب فهماً أعمق ليس فقط لمفهوم الخوف من العناكب، ولكن أيضاً للطريقة التي يتشكل بها هذا الخوف. سيمكنك هذا الدرس من تحسين قدرتك على فهم الاستماع وتطوير مهاراتك في المحادثة الإنجليزية من خلال تقنية الظل.
المفردات والعبارات الأساسية
- Arachnophobia (الأراكنوفوبيا): الخوف من العناكب.
- Genetic trait (سمات وراثية): خصائص تنتقل عبر الأجيال.
- Instinctively (غريزياً): رد فعل بدون تفكير.
- Evolution (التطور): عملية التغيير والتحول على مدى الأجيال.
- Cognitive psychologist (عالم نفس إدراكي): مختص في دراسة العمليات العقلية.
- Experiment (تجربة): إجراء علمي للتحقيق في فرضية.
- Fear response (رد فعل الخوف): كيفية استجابة الجسم لشيء مثير للخوف.
- Aware (واعٍ): إدراك شيء ما أو فهمه.
نصائح للممارسة
لتحقيق أقصى استفادة من هذه الدرس، يمكنك استخدام طريقة تظليل التحدث shadow speech لتحسين مهاراتك في المحادثة الإنجليزية. ينصح بالاستماع إلى الفيديو في البداية ببطء، ثم تكرار الجمل بعد المتحدث مباشرة. حاول محاكاة النغمة وسرعة الحديث لتعزيز طلاقتك. بما أن معدل الحديث يكون سريعاً في بعض الأحيان، لذا فمن الأفضل البدء تدريجياً. استخدم طريقة التظليل في الإنجليزية لتكرار العبارات الرئيسية بعد سماعها بشكل صحيح، مما يساعدك على التعرف على أنماط الكلام ورفع مستواك في القدرة على ممارسة المحادثة الإنجليزية. من المهم أيضاً أن تكرر الفقرات عدة مرات حتى تتمكن من إتقان النطق والانطباع العام للغة.
استخدم هذا الدرس كمورد من shadow speaking لتعزيز استراتيجيات التعلم الخاصة بك، واحتفظ بملاحظات حول الكلمات والعبارات التي تجدها صعبة. وتذكر دائماً أن الممارسة المستمرة هي المفتاح لتحسين مهاراتك اللغوية.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.