تدريب Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Eye Implants - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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133 جمل
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1
the therapeutic value of amusement parks has been largely overlooked by doctors until just recently
2
that is with us in the studio today is Steven Mansfield
3
a medical journalist who is here to tell us about an amazing letter
4
that he read in the New England Journal of Medicine recently.
5
Stephen, welcome to the show.
6
Thanks for having me.
7
So, give us a bit of background on the letter you read.
8
I'd be happy to.
9
It was written by a Swiss eye surgeon named Michael Thiel.
10
It seems that a young man, 19 years old, presented himself to the doctor at his hospital in Zurich,
11
Switzerland, complaining that something strange had happened to the pupil of his right eye.
12
After being punched in the eye in a bar fight, the pupil, the black part at the center of the eye,
13
had become a long, narrow, vertical slit.
14
In fact, it bore an odd resemblance to the eye of a cat.
15
Thiel and his colleagues soon figured out what had happened.
16
Ten years before, it would seem, surgeons had removed the patient's natural lens and implanted a plastic one inside the eye.
17
The barroom punch had knocked the plastic lens out of place.
18
The lens had slipped forward, out through the pupil,
19
but the two tiny wires used to anchor the lens had remained in place farther back in the eye
20
and were tugging on the edges of the lens.
21
The backward pull distorted the pupil into a cat's eye shape.
22
So what did Dr. Thiel and his colleagues do next?
23
Well, first they tried a simple remedy, eye drops and gravity.
24
They had the man lie on his back and dilated his pupil with drops.
25
Their hope was that if the pupil opened wide enough, the lens would drop through it and wind up back where it belonged.
26
But according to Thiel, the procedure didn't do the trick.
27
Only half the lens went back, and the other part was stuck.
28
How awful!
29
Well, actually, it sounds worse than it was.
30
The patient's eye didn't hurt.
31
His vision was good, and he was in no danger.
32
But he wanted the lens fixed anyway.
33
His girlfriend and everyone complained that he looked funny.
34
And then what happened?
35
There he took three rides in a row on the Silver Star, one of the biggest, fastest roller coasters in Europe.
36
The ride climbs up an incline of 240 feet and zooms down into a curve at 80 miles an hour.
37
The force on passengers is four G's, four times that of gravity.
38
Apparently after the third ride the patient went to the men's room.
39
While washing his hands, he glanced at himself in the mirror and noticed that his eye looked normal.
40
The pupil was round again.
41
He called Dr. Thiel and explained what had happened.
42
The unbelieving surgeon examined him the following day and, to his amazement, found that the surgery was no longer needed.
43
The lens had slipped back into place.
44
How did he explain what happened?
45
The lens obviously needed quite some force to move it back into place.
46
When the patient was on the roller coaster, he was in a state of anxiety, combined with a lot of adrenaline.
47
Apparently, the adrenaline enlarged the pupil,
48
and it was probably the combination of this and the enormous g -force that brought the lens back into place.
49
Amazing.
50
So does Dr. Thiel and his team of Swiss surgeons recommend rollercoaster therapy to others with misplaced implants?
51
In fact, Thiel has realized that the story is actually a cautionary tale.
52
The obvious lesson to be learned here is that if a roller coaster can jolt an implanted lens back into place,
53
it may also be able to jerk one out of place.
54
Until recently, that might not have been so much of a concern, because most lens implants were used after cataract surgery on older people,
55
who probably did not ride roller coasters anyway.
56
But now, implants are being used in Europe to correct nearsightedness in younger people.
57
So even though riding a roller coaster was therapeutic in this case, the pastime may actually do more harm than good.
58
that's exactly right a dislocated lens can be more than a nuisance
59
if it slides far enough forward it may seriously injure the cornea well it's a good thing
60
that i'm afraid of roller coasters thanks for the fascinating report what was wrong with the young man's right eye
61
What was the first thing doctors tried to correct the problem?
62
How successful was their attempt?
63
In Dr. Thiel's opinion, what was it about the rollercoaster ride that corrected the problem?
64
What is the underlying message of the radio program?
65
the therapeutic value of amusement parks has been largely overlooked by doctors until just recently
66
that is with us in the studio today is steven mansfield
67
a medical journalist who is here to tell us about an amazing letter
68
that he read in the new england journal of medicine recently.
69
Stephen, welcome to the show.
70
Thanks for having me.
71
So give us a bit of background on the letter you read.
72
I'd be happy to.
73
It was written by a Swiss eye surgeon named Michael Thiel.
74
It seems that a young man, 19 years old, presented himself to the doctor at his hospital in Zurich,
75
Switzerland, complaining that something strange had happened to the pupil of his right eye.
76
After being punched in the eye in a bar fight, the pupil, the black part at the center of the eye,
77
had become a long, narrow, vertical slit.
78
In fact, it bore an odd resemblance to the eye of a cat.
79
Thiel and his colleagues soon figured out what had happened.
80
Ten years before, it would seem, surgeons had removed the patient's natural lens and implanted a plastic one inside the eye.
81
The barroom punch had knocked the plastic lens out of place.
82
The lens had slipped forward, out through the pupil,
83
but the two tiny wires used to anchor the lens had remained in place farther back in the eye
84
and were tugging on the edges of the lens.
85
The backward pull distorted the pupil into a cat's -eye shape.
86
So what did Dr. Thiel and his colleagues do next?
87
Well, first they tried a simple remedy, eye drops and gravity.
88
They had the man lie on his back and dilated his pupil with drops.
89
Their hope was that if the pupil opened wide enough, the lens would drop through it and wind up back where it belonged.
90
But, according to Teal, the procedure didn't do the trick.
91
Only half the lens went back, and the other part was stuck.
92
How awful!
93
Well, actually, it sounds worse than it was.
94
The patient's eye didn't hurt.
95
His vision was good, and he was in no danger.
96
But he wanted the lens fixed anyway.
97
His girlfriend and everyone complained that he looked funny.
98
And then what happened?
99
There he took three rides in a row on the Silver Star, one of the biggest, fastest roller coasters in Europe.
100
The ride climbs up an incline of 240 feet and zooms down into a curve at 80 miles an hour.
101
The force on passengers is 4
102
Gs, four times that of gravity.
103
Apparently, after the third ride, the patient went to the men's room.
104
While washing his hands, he glanced at himself in the mirror and noticed that his eye looked normal.
105
The pupil was round again.
106
He called Dr. Thiel and explained what had happened.
107
The unbelieving surgeon examined him the following day and, to his amazement, found that the surgery was no longer needed.
108
The lens had slipped back into place.
109
How did he explain what happened?
110
The lens obviously needed quite some force to move it back into place.
111
When the patient was on the roller coaster, he was in a state of anxiety combined with a lot of adrenaline.
112
Apparently, the adrenaline enlarged the pupil,
113
and it was probably the combination of this and the enormous g -force that brought the lens back into place.
114
Amazing!
115
So does Dr. Thiel and his team of Swiss surgeons recommend rollercoaster therapy to others with misplaced implants?
116
In fact, Thiel has realized that the story is actually a cautionary tale.
117
The obvious lesson to be learned here is that if a roller coaster can jolt an implanted lens back into place,
118
it may also be able to jerk one out of place.
119
Until recently, that might not have been so much of a concern, because most lens implants were used after cataract surgery on older people,
120
who probably did not ride roller coasters anyway.
121
But now, implants are being used in Europe to correct nearsightedness in younger people.
122
So even though riding a roller coaster was therapeutic in this case, the pastime may actually do more harm than good.
123
That's exactly right.
124
A dislocated lens can be more than a nuisance.
125
If it slides far enough forward, it may seriously injure the cornea.
126
Well, it's a good thing that I'm afraid of roller coasters.
127
Thanks for the fascinating report.
128
What was wrong with the young man's right eye?
129
What was the first thing doctors tried to correct the problem?
130
How successful was their attempt?
131
In Dr. Thiel's opinion, what was it about the rollercoaster ride that corrected the problem?
132
What is the underlying message of the radio program?
133
Thank you.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
لعبة المفرداتتعلّم أثناء اللعب
نفس القناة
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “TOEFL Listening Practice”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: lens, eye, pupil, Thiel, coaster. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 133 جملة و1565 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 12:08. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 129 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 79% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| lens اسم | /lɛnz/ | عَدَسَة |
| pupil اسم | /ˈpjuːpəl/ | تِلْمِيذ, تِلْمِيذَة |
| surgeon اسم | /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ | جَرَّاح, جَرَّاحَة |
| punch اسم | /pʌnt͡ʃ/ | لَكْمَة |
| slip فعل | /ˈslɪp/ | اِنْزَلَقَ |
| complain فعل | /kəmˈpleɪn/ | تَذَمَّرَ, اِشْتَكَى |
| colleague اسم | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | شَرِيك, شَرِيكَة |
| adrenaline اسم | /əˈdɹɛnəlɪn/ | أَدْرِينَالِين |
| trick اسم | /ˈtɹɪk/ | حِيلَة |
| harm اسم | /hɑːm/ | ضَرَرٌ |
| lesson اسم | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | دَرْس, حِصَّة |
| mirror اسم | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | مِرْآة, مراية |
| awful صفة | /ˈɔːfʊl/ | فَظِيع, أَرْبَد |
| wash فعل | /wɑʃ/ | غَسَلَ |
| anxiety اسم | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | قَلَق |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | has been largely overlooked · was written · being punched |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | has been · has realized |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 8 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل didn't, I'd, I'm. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: wash /wɑʃ/, cautionary /ˈkɔʃəˌnɛɹi/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/, adrenaline /əˈdɹɛnəlɪn/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, rollercoaster /ˈɹoʊlɚˌkoʊstɚ/, cautionary /ˈkɔʃəˌnɛɹi/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: pupil /ˈpjuːpəl/, punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/, slip /ˈslɪp/, complain /kəmˈpleɪn/, therapeutic /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, steven /ˈstiːvən/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, curve /kɚv/, overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: lens /lɛnz/, pupil /ˈpjuːpəl/, punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/, slip /ˈslɪp/, complain /kəmˈpleɪn/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل lens, pupil, surgeon.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.