تدريب Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Diabetes - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

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67 جمل
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Many individuals suffering from the medical condition known as diabetes rely on artificial insulin to maintain good health.
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The principal means of delivering insulin to the body is via injection,
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but work is being done to develop other reliable means of administering it without having to use a syringe.
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Charlotte Newman reports.
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Diabetes is a condition in which the body does not release or properly respond to insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.
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Many diabetics require regular insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels, in some cases, as many as 10 or more shots a day.
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Although insulin injections allow diabetics to live full and active lives, the treatment does have inherent disadvantages.
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But at Syracuse University in New York, a new delivery method is currently under development.
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Insulin chewing gum.
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Chemist Max Garcia is here to tell us more.
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
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A condition known as lipodystrophy in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
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At affected areas, the absorption of insulin may be impaired, making it difficult to calculate the correct dosage.
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Oral delivery of insulin would, therefore, be a preferable treatment.
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But the development of pills
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and capsules has been hampered by various problems relating to the physical and chemical stability of the hormone.
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One major challenge has been to find a way to protect insulin from the hostile conditions in the digestive system.
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Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
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Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle.
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And now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
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That's right.
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Using their knowledge of the digestive system,
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our scientists realized that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system.
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So the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin B12,
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A protein called haptocorin, present in the saliva in the mouth,
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joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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The research team's idea was simply for the insulin to hitch a ride, as it were, along with a protected vitamin.
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This particular vitamin seems to be a very good choice once
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the b12 reaches the intestine intact another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream
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so by binding insulin to vitamin b12 the chances of it
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being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized early tests with rats indicate
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that the researchers are on the right track in these tests the new treatment was administered in liquid form
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but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptocorin is produced.
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If this solution proves feasible and viable,
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diabetics might one day be able to throw away their syringes and reach for a pack of 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
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Number 3.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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5. What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insolent?
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Number 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
47
Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
48
A condition known as lipodystrophy, in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
49
Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
51
Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
52
Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle, and now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
53
Number three.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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that's right using their knowledge of the digestive system our scientists realized
56
that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system
57
so the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin b12 a protein called haptocorin,
58
present in the saliva in the mouth, joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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Once the B12 reaches the intestine intact, another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream.
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So by binding insulin to vitamin B12, the chances of it being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized.
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Number 5.
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What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insulin?
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Early tests with rats indicate that the researchers are on the right track.
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In these tests, the new treatment was administered in liquid form, but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
67
Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptochorin is produced.

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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “TOEFL Listening Practice”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: insulin, vitamin, digestive, chewing, molecules. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 67 جملة و876 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 8:29. يتكلم المتحدث ببطء، بمعدل 103 كلمة في الدقيقة تقريبًا، فيكون لديك وقت لتقليد كل صوت. 74% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
insulin اسم/ˈɪnsəlɪn/إِنْسُولِين
vitamin اسم/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/فِيتَامِين
chew فعل/tʃuː/مَضَغَ
molecule اسم/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/جُزَيْء
injection اسم/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/حُقْنَة, حَقْن
scientist اسم/ˈsaɪəntəst/عَالِم, عَالِمَة
researcher اسم/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/بَاحِث, بَاحِثَة
oral صفة/ˈɔː.ɹəl/فَمَوِيّ
chemist اسم/ˈkɛmɪst/كِيمِيَائِيّ
efficient صفة/ɪˈfɪʃənt/فَعَّال
stomach اسم/ˈstʌmək/مَعِدَة, مِعْدَة
liquid اسم/ˈlɪk.wɪd/سَائِل, مَائِع
indicate فعل/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/دَلَّ عَلَى, رَمَزَ إِلَى
difficulty اسم/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/صُعُوبَة
mechanism اسم/ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/آلِيَّة

الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها

الكلمةالمعنى
come up with فعلجَاءَ بِـ, أَتَى بِـ
pass through فعلاِخْتَرَقَ, نَفَذَ
throw away فعلطَرَحَ

القواعد في هذا الفيديو

أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:

التركيبفي الفيديو
المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعلهbeing done · may be impaired · has been hampered
المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآنhas been hampered · has been · have tried

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:

  • /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, pill /pɪl/, capsule /ˈkæps(ə)l/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
  • /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, viable /ˈvaɪəbəl/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/
  • تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/, chemist /ˈkɛmɪst/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, stomach /ˈstʌmək/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل insulin, vitamin, chew.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

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