Prática de Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Diabetes - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Many individuals suffering from the medical condition known as diabetes rely on artificial insulin to maintain good health.
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The principal means of delivering insulin to the body is via injection,
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but work is being done to develop other reliable means of administering it without having to use a syringe.
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Charlotte Newman reports.
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Diabetes is a condition in which the body does not release or properly respond to insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.
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Many diabetics require regular insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels, in some cases, as many as 10 or more shots a day.
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Although insulin injections allow diabetics to live full and active lives, the treatment does have inherent disadvantages.
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But at Syracuse University in New York, a new delivery method is currently under development.
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Insulin chewing gum.
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Chemist Max Garcia is here to tell us more.
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
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A condition known as lipodystrophy in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
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At affected areas, the absorption of insulin may be impaired, making it difficult to calculate the correct dosage.
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Oral delivery of insulin would, therefore, be a preferable treatment.
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But the development of pills
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and capsules has been hampered by various problems relating to the physical and chemical stability of the hormone.
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One major challenge has been to find a way to protect insulin from the hostile conditions in the digestive system.
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Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
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Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle.
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And now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
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That's right.
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Using their knowledge of the digestive system,
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our scientists realized that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system.
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So the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin B12,
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A protein called haptocorin, present in the saliva in the mouth,
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joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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The research team's idea was simply for the insulin to hitch a ride, as it were, along with a protected vitamin.
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This particular vitamin seems to be a very good choice once
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the b12 reaches the intestine intact another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream
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so by binding insulin to vitamin b12 the chances of it
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being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized early tests with rats indicate
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that the researchers are on the right track in these tests the new treatment was administered in liquid form
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but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptocorin is produced.
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If this solution proves feasible and viable,
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diabetics might one day be able to throw away their syringes and reach for a pack of 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
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Number 3.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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5. What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insolent?
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Number 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
48
A condition known as lipodystrophy, in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
49
Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
51
Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
52
Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle, and now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
53
Number three.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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that's right using their knowledge of the digestive system our scientists realized
56
that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system
57
so the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin b12 a protein called haptocorin,
58
present in the saliva in the mouth, joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
59
Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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Once the B12 reaches the intestine intact, another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream.
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So by binding insulin to vitamin B12, the chances of it being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized.
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Number 5.
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What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insulin?
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Early tests with rats indicate that the researchers are on the right track.
66
In these tests, the new treatment was administered in liquid form, but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptochorin is produced.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “TOEFL Listening Practice”. As palavras que mais se repetem: insulin, vitamin, digestive, chewing, molecules. Este vídeo tem 67 frases e 876 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:29. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 103 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. Apenas 74% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
insulin substantivo/ˈɪnsəlɪn/insulina
vitamin substantivo/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/vitamina
chew verbo/tʃuː/mastigar, mascar
molecule substantivo/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/molécula
injection substantivo/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/injeção
scientist substantivo/ˈsaɪəntəst/cientista
researcher substantivo/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/pesquisador, pesquisadora
oral adjetivo/ˈɔː.ɹəl/oral
administer verbo/ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/administrar
chemist substantivo/ˈkɛmɪst/químico, química
efficient adjetivo/ɪˈfɪʃənt/eficiente
stomach substantivo/ˈstʌmək/estômago
liquid substantivo/ˈlɪk.wɪd/líquido
indicate verbo/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/indicar
difficulty substantivo/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/dificuldade

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

PalavraSignificado
come up with verbopensar (em), alcançar
throw away verbodeitar fora, jogar fora

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazbeing done · may be impaired · has been hampered
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agorahas been hampered · has been · have tried

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/, chemist /ˈkɛmɪst/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, stomach /ˈstʌmək/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: molecule /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/, oral /ˈɔː.ɹəl/, needle /ˈniː.dəl/, obstacle /ˈɑbstəkəl/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
  • /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hostile /ˈhɑstəl/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, hamper /ˈhæm.pɚ/, hitch /hɪt͡ʃ/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como insulin, vitamin, chew.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →