Shadowing Practice: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Diabetes - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Many individuals suffering from the medical condition known as diabetes rely on artificial insulin to maintain good health.
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The principal means of delivering insulin to the body is via injection,
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but work is being done to develop other reliable means of administering it without having to use a syringe.
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Charlotte Newman reports.
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Diabetes is a condition in which the body does not release or properly respond to insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.
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Many diabetics require regular insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels, in some cases, as many as 10 or more shots a day.
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Although insulin injections allow diabetics to live full and active lives, the treatment does have inherent disadvantages.
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But at Syracuse University in New York, a new delivery method is currently under development.
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Insulin chewing gum.
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Chemist Max Garcia is here to tell us more.
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
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A condition known as lipodystrophy in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
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At affected areas, the absorption of insulin may be impaired, making it difficult to calculate the correct dosage.
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Oral delivery of insulin would, therefore, be a preferable treatment.
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But the development of pills
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and capsules has been hampered by various problems relating to the physical and chemical stability of the hormone.
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One major challenge has been to find a way to protect insulin from the hostile conditions in the digestive system.
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Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
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Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle.
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And now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
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That's right.
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Using their knowledge of the digestive system,
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our scientists realized that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system.
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So the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin B12,
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A protein called haptocorin, present in the saliva in the mouth,
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joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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The research team's idea was simply for the insulin to hitch a ride, as it were, along with a protected vitamin.
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This particular vitamin seems to be a very good choice once
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the b12 reaches the intestine intact another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream
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so by binding insulin to vitamin b12 the chances of it
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being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized early tests with rats indicate
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that the researchers are on the right track in these tests the new treatment was administered in liquid form
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but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptocorin is produced.
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If this solution proves feasible and viable,
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diabetics might one day be able to throw away their syringes and reach for a pack of 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
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Number 3.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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5. What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insolent?
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Number 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
48
A condition known as lipodystrophy, in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
49
Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
51
Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
52
Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle, and now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
53
Number three.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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that's right using their knowledge of the digestive system our scientists realized
56
that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system
57
so the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin b12 a protein called haptocorin,
58
present in the saliva in the mouth, joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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Once the B12 reaches the intestine intact, another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream.
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So by binding insulin to vitamin B12, the chances of it being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized.
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Number 5.
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What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insulin?
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Early tests with rats indicate that the researchers are on the right track.
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In these tests, the new treatment was administered in liquid form, but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptochorin is produced.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “TOEFL Listening Practice”. Las palabras que más se repiten: insulin, vitamin, digestive, chewing, molecules. Este vídeo tiene 67 frases y 876 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 8:29. El hablante habla despacio, unas 103 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. Solo el 74 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
insulin sustantivo/ˈɪnsəlɪn/insulina
vitamin sustantivo/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/vitamina, vitamínico
chew verbo/tʃuː/masticar, mascar
molecule sustantivo/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/molécula
injection sustantivo/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/inyección
scientist sustantivo/ˈsaɪəntəst/científico, científica
researcher sustantivo/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/investigador, investigadora
oral adjetivo/ˈɔː.ɹəl/oral, bucal
administer verbo/ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/administrar
chemist sustantivo/ˈkɛmɪst/químico, química
efficient adjetivo/ɪˈfɪʃənt/eficiente, eficaz
stomach sustantivo/ˈstʌmək/estómago
liquid sustantivo/ˈlɪk.wɪd/líquido
indicate verbo/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/indicar
difficulty sustantivo/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/dificultad

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraSignificado
break down verbodescomponerse, averiarse
come up with verboingeniar, ingeniarse
pass through verboatravesar
throw away verbotirar, echar

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hacebeing done · may be impaired · has been hampered
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahorahas been hampered · has been · have tried

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stomach /ˈstʌmək/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/
  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, viable /ˈvaɪəbəl/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/
  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, feasible /ˈfiː.zɪ.bəl/, optimize /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como insulin, vitamin, chew.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →