Shadowing Practice: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Dome Structures - Learn English Speaking with Video

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In 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated the city of New Orleans, destroying over a million buildings.
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In 2008, a gigantic earthquake measuring 8 .0 on the Richter scale struck Sichuan in China,
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leaving close to 5 million people homeless.
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But had the structures in either location been built differently, much of the damage might have been prevented, Jim Carter reports.
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According to a United Nations report, the number of severe natural disasters has been steadily increasing, along with the number of people affected by them.
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Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,
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affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.
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But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.
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Apparently, the square or rectangular shape of most buildings is far from ideal in areas prone to earthquakes, hurricanes, or tornadoes.
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Here to tell us why is architect Francis Newberry.
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The square and the rectangle are in no way as stable as the dome in terms of construction.
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In fact, if more structures in earthquake zones were dome -shaped, billions of dollars could be saved, not to mention countless lives.
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And this has been borne out by numerous examples over time.
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For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,
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severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.
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Perhaps a more familiar example is the Pantheon in Rome,
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which was built around 126 AD in one of the most seismically active regions of Europe.
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It has proved remarkably resilient during the earthquakes and tremors that have rocked the region for centuries, making it the best -preserved building from ancient Rome.
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Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,
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schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America.
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especially in the infamous
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Tornado Alley area of the central
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United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.
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You mentioned that a dome can withstand extreme weather conditions and even earthquakes.
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But what is it about this particular shape that makes it inherently stable?
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Well, one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is that any pressure, such as ground movement from an earthquake,
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is absorbed equally by all points of the structure.
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Another factor is the physical geometry of a building, which determines how resistant it is to high winds.
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Picture a dome.
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It has a perfectly curved surface, so wind flows smoothly around it rather than getting caught on angled walls
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and corners as it does on a square building, for example.
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Consequently, domes have been built to house and protect radar towers in Antarctica, where winds can reach speeds of over 185 miles an hour.
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And the same things that make a dome safe also make it cost -effective in terms of building.
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A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.
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Furthermore, all that freely circulating air in the open space interior makes heating and cooling an easier proposition, requiring less fuel.
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Thus, domes are more economical and better for the environment, too.
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So it's virtually indestructible, cost -effective, and eco -friendly.
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With benefits like these, it's surprising that the dome is still not the prototypical housing structure, especially in areas of extreme weather.
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But as energy costs soar and natural disasters begin to occur with greater frequency, the dome home may yet become a familiar sight.
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Number 1.
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What has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?
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Number two.
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Why does Frances Newberry mention structures called yurts?
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Number three.
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Where are domes being built to protect local residents?
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Number 4.
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What is one reason for the dome's stability?
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Number 5.
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What could cause an increase in the construction of domes?
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Number one, what has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?
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Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,
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affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.
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But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.
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Number 2.
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Why does Francis Newberry mention structures called yurts?
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For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,
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severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.
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Number 3.
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Where are domes being built to protect local residents?
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Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,
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schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America, especially in the infamous
62
Tornado Alley area of the central
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United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.
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number four what is one reason for the dome's stability
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well one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is
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that any pressure such as ground movement from an earthquake is absorbed equally by all points of the structure and the same things
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that make a dome safe number five also make
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it cost effective in terms of A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “TOEFL Listening Practice”. Las palabras que más se repiten: dome, earthquake, structure, built, disasters. Este vídeo tiene 68 frases y 873 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:53. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 111 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 76 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
dome sustantivo/dəʊm/domo, dombo
earthquake sustantivo/ˈɝθkweɪk/terremoto
disaster sustantivo/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/desastre
stable sustantivo/ˈsteɪ.bəl/establo, cuadra
tornado sustantivo/tɔɹˈneɪ.doʊ/tornado, ciclón
withstand verbo/wɪðˈstænd/aguantar
compare verbo/kəmˈpɛɚ/comparar, parangonar
suffer verbo/ˈsʌfɚ/sufrir, penar
architecture sustantivo/ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/arquitectura
dust sustantivo/dʌst/polvo
equally adverbio/ˈiːkwəli/igualmente
resident sustantivo/ˈɹɛzɪdənt/residente, habitante
contribute verbo/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/contribuir, aportar
stability sustantivo/stəˈbɪlɪti/estabilidad
conventional adjetivo/kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/convencional

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahorahas been · has brought · have suffered
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hacebeen built · are lost · could be saved
Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosastructures which can

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

  • Los sonidos de “th”: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, indigenous /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒənəs/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, sphere /sfɪɚ/, steadily /ˈstɛdɪli/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/, curve /kɚv/, devastated /ˈdɛv.əˌsteɪ.təd/
  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: disaster /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/, resident /ˈɹɛzɪdənt/, blizzard /ˈblɪz.ɚd/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/, resistant /ɹəˈzɪstənt/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como dome, earthquake, disaster.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →