Shadowing Practice: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Learning a Foreign Language - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Learning a foreign language is no easy task.
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Researchers into the field of language acquisition have been trying to establish the most efficient ways in
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which learners can retain new words.
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Kathy Wright reports.
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Language learning is all about exposure.
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For example, the more you see, hear, and use a word, the easier it will be to remember it.
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A certain amount of vocabulary acquisition occurs through what is known as incidental learning.
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whereby you pick up words without paying any special attention to them.
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But in order to achieve native speaker fluency, learners must adopt a variety of techniques.
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Professor Chris Johnson has been investigating what we call vocabulary acquisition strategies
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that student learners can use as they make a conscious effort to acquire words and expressions that don't come so easily.
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We tend to classify such acquisition strategies on a scale ranging from shallow to deep.
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Shallow strategies, such as repetition of a word or memorizing a list of words, activate short -term memory.
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Though these methods are quick and easy, the words are forgotten again within a matter of days or weeks.
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Fixing a word or expression in long -term memory requires deeper strategies.
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As you pointed out, Kathy, repetitive exposure is essential, so a number of different strategies should be employed.
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These include reading a variety of articles on the same topic, where key vocabulary appears frequently.
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In addition, using dictionaries to get a stronger sense of how a word is used and in what context, coupled with practice of these words,
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leads to long -term retention.
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Also, familiarizing yourself with word families or other words that combine with the one you're learning helps.
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Some students keep notebooks to help them organize this kind of information.
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More importantly, recent research indicates that fluent speakers have a large amount of prefabricated language at their disposal.
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In other words, the ability to speak fluently is based on the knowledge of collocations and memorized chunks of language.
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These language chunks include a wide variety of phrases and expressions, such as, As far as I know,
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my point is that, Have a nice day!
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This challenges the traditional view of learning discrete words so students should develop deep strategies particularly for learning language chunks.
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But how can learners be sure they are activating long -term memory?
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Well there is a theory called decay theory which contends
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that unless we retrieve and utilize information stored in our memories on a fairly regular basis it will be forgotten.
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New words or phrases need to be encountered in a variety of forms.
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If you read a phrase, try and use it when speaking or in writing and review it at regular spaced intervals.
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After a few hours, the following day, a few days later, and so on.
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Long -term memory has a much greater capacity for storing information, including language items, than short -term memory.
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Furthermore, research has shown that
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But to make the most efficient use of all this storage space, students should focus on learning chunks of language,
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because a chunk is stored in the brain as one item, though it may be made up of five or six discrete words.
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Strategies like these demand effort on the part of the learner, but according to the language experts,
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they do pay off and are crucial for anyone wishing to become truly fluent in a foreign language.
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Number 1.
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What are vocabulary acquisition strategies?
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Number 2.
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What is an example of a deep learning strategy?
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Number 3.
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What is a key finding of recent research?
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Number four.
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What does decay theory suggest?
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Number five.
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What does research into long -term memory indicate?
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Professor Chris Johnson has been investigating in what we call vocabulary acquisition strategies
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that student learners can use as they make a conscious effort to acquire words and expressions that don't come so easily.
51
Fixing a word or expression in long -term memory requires deeper strategies.
52
In addition, using dictionaries to get a stronger sense of how a word is used and in what context, coupled with practice of these words,
53
leads to long -term retention.
54
In other words, the ability to speak fluently is based on the knowledge of collocations and memorized chunks of language.
55
These language chunks include a wide variety of phrases and expressions, such as, as far as I know,
56
my point is that, have a nice day.
57
This challenges the traditional view of learning discrete words, so students should develop deep strategies,
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particularly for learning language chunks.
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Well, there is a theory called decay theory,
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which contends that unless we retrieve and utilize information stored in our memories on a fairly regular basis, it will be forgotten.
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Furthermore, research has shown that to make the most efficient use of all this storage space, students should focus on learning chunks of language,
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because a chunk is stored in the brain as one item, though it may be made up of five or six discrete words.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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I love you.
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We'll be right back.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “TOEFL Listening Practice”. Las palabras que más se repiten: word, language, strategies, learning, chunk. Este vídeo tiene 69 frases y 843 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 11:13. El hablante habla despacio, unas 75 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| chunk sustantivo | /t͡ʃʌŋk/ | trozo, pedazo |
| acquisition sustantivo | /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ | adquisición |
| vocabulary sustantivo | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | vocabulario |
| phrase sustantivo | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | frase |
| efficient adjetivo | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | eficiente, eficaz |
| decay sustantivo | /diˈkeɪ/ | descomposición, deterioración |
| exposure sustantivo | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | exposición |
| indicate verbo | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | indicar |
| investigate verbo | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/ | indagar |
| furthermore adverbio | /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/ | más, es más |
| conscious adjetivo | /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ | consciente |
| acquire verbo | /əˈkwaɪɚ/ | obtener |
| shallow adjetivo | /ˈʃæloʊ/ | no/poco/nada hondo/profundo, playo |
| dictionary sustantivo | /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/ | diccionario, tumbaburros |
| retention sustantivo | /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/ | retención |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| pay off verbo | valer la pena, salir a cuenta |
| pick up verbo | coger, asir |
| point out verbo | señalar, apuntar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — una acción que empezó antes y continúa | have been trying · has been investigating |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is known · are forgotten · should be employed |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has shown |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 4 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, we'll, you're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/, interval /ˈɪntɚvəl/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, utilize /ˈjuː.tɪ.laɪz/, disposal /dɪsˈpoʊ.zəl/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como chunk, acquisition, vocabulary.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.