Shadowing Practice: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Poor Contrast Sensitivity - Learn English Speaking with Video

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thousands of people worldwide suffer from a condition called poor contrast sensitivity.
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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While this condition can be treated, correction involves wearing glasses or contact lenses or having surgery.
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However, recent research may have provided another solution.
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David Sanderson reports.
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People with poor contrast sensitivity have problems with night driving, including seeing pedestrians walking along poorly lit streets.
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They need extra light to read because they tire easily,
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and they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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Recently, neuroscientists at the University of Rochester in New York used video games to carry out experiments on poor contrast sensitivity.
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Professor Frank Alexander explains.
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The images we see are processed by the brain into information about our environment.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently, brain function.
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In this particular experiment,
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researchers studied two groups of college students who both played video games for 50 hours during a nine -week course.
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One group played action -packed shooter games such as Unreal Tournament and Call of Duty,
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which require precise, visually -guided aiming at targets, while the other played less intense puzzle games like Sims.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity,
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while those who played non -action games showed none.
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Fast action video games improved the student's spatial resolution or ability to see small objects,
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even when closely packed together on a cluttered screen. In fact, the students who played action games were able to distinguish such
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objects even in the chaotic visual scenes of a game because gaming sharpens vision.
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It also assists the brain in processing situations that are visually complex,
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allowing a player to keep track of multiple items simultaneously while processing information that is constantly being updated or changed.
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Poor contrast sensitivity was once considered impossible to change naturally, that is, without wearing glasses or undergoing surgery.
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This research confirms that it can be improved.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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This demands consistent alertness and analysis of what's happening on screen.
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But was the improvement temporary or permanent?
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This was crucial to the research.
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The subjects were tested two days after the gaming period, after six months, and then two years later.
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The results confirmed the initial findings video games extend our visual system to its limits
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and the brain adapts itself accordingly the effects remain even two years after the initial gaming period is over
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these findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so
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that both eyes are working together and also to the elderly whose contrast sensitivity has deteriorated with age.
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In addition, the research is relevant to jobs requiring the fast, accurate processing of visual stimuli such as piloting a plane,
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scanning x -rays, and screening luggage at airports.
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Scientists are also interested in how video games can improve learning,
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so that one day developers can create games that intrinsically enhance memory, perception, and other mental capabilities.
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Number 1.
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What is poor contrast sensitivity?
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Number 2.
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What was the purpose of the research?
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Number 3.
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What was the main finding of the research study?
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Number 4.
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Which feature of the games did researchers identify as most significant?
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Number 5.
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How can this research be applied outside the medical field?
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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And they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently brain function.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 % to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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These findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia,
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so that both eyes are working together.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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You Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “TOEFL Listening Practice”. Las palabras que más se repiten: sensitivity, contrast, brain, poor, visual. Este vídeo tiene 66 frases y 794 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 10:27. El hablante habla despacio, unas 76 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. Solo el 76 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
contrast sustantivo/kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/contraste
sensitivity sustantivo/ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/sensibilidad
suffer verbo/ˈsʌfɚ/sufrir, penar
distinguish verbo/dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/distinguir
consequently adverbio/ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/consecuentemente
elderly adjetivo/ˈɛldɚli/anciano, entrado en años
shooter sustantivo/ˈʃuːtəː/tirador, tiradora
enhance verbo/ɪnˈhæns/embonar, jerarquizar
confirm verbo/kənˈfɝm/confirmar
experiment sustantivo/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/experimento
indicate verbo/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/indicar
enable verbo/ɪˈneɪ.bəl/habilitar, posibilitar
similarly adverbio/ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/similarmente, igualmente
lazy adjetivo/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/perezoso, flojo
researcher sustantivo/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/investigador, investigadora

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
carry out verbo/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/llevar a cabo, llevar al cabo

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — una acción que empezó antes y continúahave been studying
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hacecan be treated · are processed · being updated
Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosastudents who both · those who played · students who played

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, consequently /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stereo /ˈstɛəɹ.i.oʊ/, scan /skæn/, stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/
  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/
  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: lazy /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/, lens /lɛnz/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como contrast, sensitivity, suffer.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →