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66 предложений
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thousands of people worldwide suffer from a condition called poor contrast sensitivity.
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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While this condition can be treated, correction involves wearing glasses or contact lenses or having surgery.
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However, recent research may have provided another solution.
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David Sanderson reports.
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People with poor contrast sensitivity have problems with night driving, including seeing pedestrians walking along poorly lit streets.
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They need extra light to read because they tire easily,
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and they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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Recently, neuroscientists at the University of Rochester in New York used video games to carry out experiments on poor contrast sensitivity.
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Professor Frank Alexander explains.
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The images we see are processed by the brain into information about our environment.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently, brain function.
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In this particular experiment,
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researchers studied two groups of college students who both played video games for 50 hours during a nine -week course.
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One group played action -packed shooter games such as Unreal Tournament and Call of Duty,
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which require precise, visually -guided aiming at targets, while the other played less intense puzzle games like Sims.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity,
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while those who played non -action games showed none.
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Fast action video games improved the student's spatial resolution or ability to see small objects,
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even when closely packed together on a cluttered screen. In fact, the students who played action games were able to distinguish such
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objects even in the chaotic visual scenes of a game because gaming sharpens vision.
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It also assists the brain in processing situations that are visually complex,
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allowing a player to keep track of multiple items simultaneously while processing information that is constantly being updated or changed.
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Poor contrast sensitivity was once considered impossible to change naturally, that is, without wearing glasses or undergoing surgery.
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This research confirms that it can be improved.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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This demands consistent alertness and analysis of what's happening on screen.
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But was the improvement temporary or permanent?
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This was crucial to the research.
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The subjects were tested two days after the gaming period, after six months, and then two years later.
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The results confirmed the initial findings video games extend our visual system to its limits
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and the brain adapts itself accordingly the effects remain even two years after the initial gaming period is over
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these findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so
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that both eyes are working together and also to the elderly whose contrast sensitivity has deteriorated with age.
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In addition, the research is relevant to jobs requiring the fast, accurate processing of visual stimuli such as piloting a plane,
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scanning x -rays, and screening luggage at airports.
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Scientists are also interested in how video games can improve learning,
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so that one day developers can create games that intrinsically enhance memory, perception, and other mental capabilities.
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Number 1.
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What is poor contrast sensitivity?
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Number 2.
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What was the purpose of the research?
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Number 3.
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What was the main finding of the research study?
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Number 4.
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Which feature of the games did researchers identify as most significant?
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Number 5.
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How can this research be applied outside the medical field?
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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And they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
56
Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently brain function.
57
The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 % to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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These findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia,
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so that both eyes are working together.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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You Thank you.
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We'll be right back so

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «TOEFL Listening Practice». Чаще всего повторяются слова: sensitivity, contrast, brain, poor, visual. В этом видео 66 предложений и 794 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 10:27. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 76 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. Только 76% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

СловоПроизношениеЗначение
contrast существительное/kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/контра́ст
sensitivity существительное/ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/чувстви́тельность
suffer глагол/ˈsʌfɚ/страда́ть, му́чаться
distinguish глагол/dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/различа́ть, различи́ть
consequently наречие/ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/сле́довательно, поэ́тому
elderly прилагательное/ˈɛldɚli/ста́рый, пожило́й
shooter существительное/ˈʃuːtəː/стрело́к, стреле́ц
enhance глагол/ɪnˈhæns/увели́чивать, увели́чить
confirm глагол/kənˈfɝm/укрепля́ть, укрепи́ть
experiment существительное/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/экспериме́нт, о́пыт
indicate глагол/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ука́зывать, указа́ть
enable глагол/ɪˈneɪ.bəl/дава́ть возмо́жность, уполномо́чивать
similarly наречие/ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/подо́бным о́бразом, та́к же
lazy прилагательное/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/лени́вый
researcher существительное/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/иссле́дователь, иссле́довательница

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

СловоПроизношениеЗначение
carry out глагол/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/выноси́ть, вы́нести

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Present Perfect Continuous have/has been + -ing — действие началось раньше и продолжаетсяhave been studying
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетcan be treated · are processed · being updated
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предметеstudents who both · those who played · students who played

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

  • Звуки «sh» и «zh»: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
  • Длинные слова — следите за ударением: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, consequently /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

  • /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, consequently /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/, sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔk/
  • Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: curb /kɝb/, extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, lens /lɛnz/, luggage /ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ/

Как заниматься с этим видео

  1. Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
  2. Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
  3. Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как contrast, sensitivity, suffer.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →