Pratica di Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Poor Contrast Sensitivity - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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thousands of people worldwide suffer from a condition called poor contrast sensitivity.
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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While this condition can be treated, correction involves wearing glasses or contact lenses or having surgery.
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However, recent research may have provided another solution.
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David Sanderson reports.
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People with poor contrast sensitivity have problems with night driving, including seeing pedestrians walking along poorly lit streets.
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They need extra light to read because they tire easily,
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and they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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Recently, neuroscientists at the University of Rochester in New York used video games to carry out experiments on poor contrast sensitivity.
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Professor Frank Alexander explains.
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The images we see are processed by the brain into information about our environment.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently, brain function.
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In this particular experiment,
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researchers studied two groups of college students who both played video games for 50 hours during a nine -week course.
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One group played action -packed shooter games such as Unreal Tournament and Call of Duty,
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which require precise, visually -guided aiming at targets, while the other played less intense puzzle games like Sims.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity,
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while those who played non -action games showed none.
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Fast action video games improved the student's spatial resolution or ability to see small objects,
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even when closely packed together on a cluttered screen. In fact, the students who played action games were able to distinguish such
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objects even in the chaotic visual scenes of a game because gaming sharpens vision.
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It also assists the brain in processing situations that are visually complex,
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allowing a player to keep track of multiple items simultaneously while processing information that is constantly being updated or changed.
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Poor contrast sensitivity was once considered impossible to change naturally, that is, without wearing glasses or undergoing surgery.
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This research confirms that it can be improved.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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This demands consistent alertness and analysis of what's happening on screen.
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But was the improvement temporary or permanent?
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This was crucial to the research.
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The subjects were tested two days after the gaming period, after six months, and then two years later.
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The results confirmed the initial findings video games extend our visual system to its limits
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and the brain adapts itself accordingly the effects remain even two years after the initial gaming period is over
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these findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so
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that both eyes are working together and also to the elderly whose contrast sensitivity has deteriorated with age.
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In addition, the research is relevant to jobs requiring the fast, accurate processing of visual stimuli such as piloting a plane,
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scanning x -rays, and screening luggage at airports.
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Scientists are also interested in how video games can improve learning,
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so that one day developers can create games that intrinsically enhance memory, perception, and other mental capabilities.
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Number 1.
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What is poor contrast sensitivity?
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Number 2.
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What was the purpose of the research?
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Number 3.
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What was the main finding of the research study?
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Number 4.
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Which feature of the games did researchers identify as most significant?
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Number 5.
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How can this research be applied outside the medical field?
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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And they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
56
Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently brain function.
57
The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 % to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity.
58
Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
59
Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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These findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia,
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so that both eyes are working together.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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You Thank you.
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We'll be right back so
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “TOEFL Listening Practice”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: sensitivity, contrast, brain, poor, visual. Questo video contiene 66 frasi e 794 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 10:27. Chi parla lo fa lentamente, circa 76 parole al minuto, quindi c’è tempo per imitare ogni suono. Solo il 76% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| contrast sostantivo | /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ | contrasto |
| sensitivity sostantivo | /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/ | sensibilità |
| suffer verbo | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | soffrire, penare |
| distinguish verbo | /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ | distinguere, discernere |
| consequently avverbio | /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/ | di conseguenza |
| elderly aggettivo | /ˈɛldɚli/ | anziano |
| shooter sostantivo | /ˈʃuːtəː/ | tiratore, tiratrice |
| enhance verbo | /ɪnˈhæns/ | accrescere, intensificare |
| confirm verbo | /kənˈfɝm/ | cresimare |
| experiment sostantivo | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | esperimento |
| indicate verbo | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | indicare |
| enable verbo | /ɪˈneɪ.bəl/ | permettere |
| similarly avverbio | /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/ | similarmente, similmente |
| lazy aggettivo | /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/ | pigro |
| researcher sostantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | ricercatore, ricercatrice |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| carry out verbo | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | compiere, realizzare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — un’azione iniziata prima e ancora in corso | have been studying |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | can be treated · are processed · being updated |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | students who both · those who played · students who played |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, consequently /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, scan /skæn/, adapt /əˈdæpt/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come contrast, sensitivity, suffer.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.