Prática de Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Poor Contrast Sensitivity - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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thousands of people worldwide suffer from a condition called poor contrast sensitivity.
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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While this condition can be treated, correction involves wearing glasses or contact lenses or having surgery.
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However, recent research may have provided another solution.
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David Sanderson reports.
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People with poor contrast sensitivity have problems with night driving, including seeing pedestrians walking along poorly lit streets.
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They need extra light to read because they tire easily,
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and they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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Recently, neuroscientists at the University of Rochester in New York used video games to carry out experiments on poor contrast sensitivity.
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Professor Frank Alexander explains.
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The images we see are processed by the brain into information about our environment.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently, brain function.
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In this particular experiment,
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researchers studied two groups of college students who both played video games for 50 hours during a nine -week course.
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One group played action -packed shooter games such as Unreal Tournament and Call of Duty,
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which require precise, visually -guided aiming at targets, while the other played less intense puzzle games like Sims.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity,
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while those who played non -action games showed none.
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Fast action video games improved the student's spatial resolution or ability to see small objects,
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even when closely packed together on a cluttered screen. In fact, the students who played action games were able to distinguish such
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objects even in the chaotic visual scenes of a game because gaming sharpens vision.
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It also assists the brain in processing situations that are visually complex,
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allowing a player to keep track of multiple items simultaneously while processing information that is constantly being updated or changed.
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Poor contrast sensitivity was once considered impossible to change naturally, that is, without wearing glasses or undergoing surgery.
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This research confirms that it can be improved.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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This demands consistent alertness and analysis of what's happening on screen.
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But was the improvement temporary or permanent?
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This was crucial to the research.
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The subjects were tested two days after the gaming period, after six months, and then two years later.
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The results confirmed the initial findings video games extend our visual system to its limits
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and the brain adapts itself accordingly the effects remain even two years after the initial gaming period is over
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these findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so
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that both eyes are working together and also to the elderly whose contrast sensitivity has deteriorated with age.
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In addition, the research is relevant to jobs requiring the fast, accurate processing of visual stimuli such as piloting a plane,
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scanning x -rays, and screening luggage at airports.
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Scientists are also interested in how video games can improve learning,
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so that one day developers can create games that intrinsically enhance memory, perception, and other mental capabilities.
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Number 1.
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What is poor contrast sensitivity?
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Number 2.
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What was the purpose of the research?
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Number 3.
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What was the main finding of the research study?
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Number 4.
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Which feature of the games did researchers identify as most significant?
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Number 5.
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How can this research be applied outside the medical field?
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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And they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
56
Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently brain function.
57
The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 % to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity.
58
Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
59
Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
60
Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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These findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia,
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so that both eyes are working together.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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You Thank you.
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We'll be right back so

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “TOEFL Listening Practice”. As palavras que mais se repetem: sensitivity, contrast, brain, poor, visual. Este vídeo tem 66 frases e 794 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 10:27. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 76 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. Apenas 76% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
contrast substantivo/kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/contraste
suffer verbo/ˈsʌfɚ/sofrer
distinguish verbo/dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/distinguir
consequently advérbio/ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/consequentemente, por conseguinte
elderly adjetivo/ˈɛldɚli/idoso, idosa
shooter substantivo/ˈʃuːtəː/atirador, atiradora
enhance verbo/ɪnˈhæns/aumentar
confirm verbo/kənˈfɝm/firmar
experiment substantivo/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/experimento, experiência
indicate verbo/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/indicar
enable verbo/ɪˈneɪ.bəl/habilitar, possibilitar
similarly advérbio/ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/similarmente
lazy adjetivo/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/preguiçoso
researcher substantivo/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/pesquisador, pesquisadora
curb substantivo/kɝb/meio-fio, lancil

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
carry out verbo/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/carregar

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — uma ação que começou antes e continuahave been studying
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazcan be treated · are processed · being updated
Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisastudents who both · those who played · students who played

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, consequently /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/, curb /kɝb/, sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔk/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: enable /ɪˈneɪ.bəl/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/
  • s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: stereo /ˈstɛəɹ.i.oʊ/, scan /skæn/, stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como contrast, suffer, distinguish.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →