शैडोइंग अभ्यास: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Poor Contrast Sensitivity - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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66 वाक्य
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thousands of people worldwide suffer from a condition called poor contrast sensitivity.
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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While this condition can be treated, correction involves wearing glasses or contact lenses or having surgery.
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However, recent research may have provided another solution.
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David Sanderson reports.
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People with poor contrast sensitivity have problems with night driving, including seeing pedestrians walking along poorly lit streets.
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They need extra light to read because they tire easily,
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and they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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Recently, neuroscientists at the University of Rochester in New York used video games to carry out experiments on poor contrast sensitivity.
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Professor Frank Alexander explains.
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The images we see are processed by the brain into information about our environment.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently, brain function.
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In this particular experiment,
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researchers studied two groups of college students who both played video games for 50 hours during a nine -week course.
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One group played action -packed shooter games such as Unreal Tournament and Call of Duty,
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which require precise, visually -guided aiming at targets, while the other played less intense puzzle games like Sims.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity,
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while those who played non -action games showed none.
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Fast action video games improved the student's spatial resolution or ability to see small objects,
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even when closely packed together on a cluttered screen. In fact, the students who played action games were able to distinguish such
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objects even in the chaotic visual scenes of a game because gaming sharpens vision.
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It also assists the brain in processing situations that are visually complex,
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allowing a player to keep track of multiple items simultaneously while processing information that is constantly being updated or changed.
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Poor contrast sensitivity was once considered impossible to change naturally, that is, without wearing glasses or undergoing surgery.
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This research confirms that it can be improved.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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This demands consistent alertness and analysis of what's happening on screen.
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But was the improvement temporary or permanent?
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This was crucial to the research.
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The subjects were tested two days after the gaming period, after six months, and then two years later.
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The results confirmed the initial findings video games extend our visual system to its limits
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and the brain adapts itself accordingly the effects remain even two years after the initial gaming period is over
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these findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so
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that both eyes are working together and also to the elderly whose contrast sensitivity has deteriorated with age.
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In addition, the research is relevant to jobs requiring the fast, accurate processing of visual stimuli such as piloting a plane,
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scanning x -rays, and screening luggage at airports.
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Scientists are also interested in how video games can improve learning,
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so that one day developers can create games that intrinsically enhance memory, perception, and other mental capabilities.
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Number 1.
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What is poor contrast sensitivity?
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Number 2.
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What was the purpose of the research?
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Number 3.
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What was the main finding of the research study?
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Number 4.
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Which feature of the games did researchers identify as most significant?
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Number 5.
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How can this research be applied outside the medical field?
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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And they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently brain function.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 % to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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These findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia,
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so that both eyes are working together.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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You Thank you.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “TOEFL Listening Practice” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: sensitivity, contrast, brain, poor, visual। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 66 वाक्य और 794 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 10:27 लंबा है। वक्ता धीरे बोलता है, लगभग 76 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए हर ध्वनि की नकल करने का समय मिलता है। केवल 76% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
sensitivity संज्ञा/ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/संवेदनशीलता
confirm क्रिया/kənˈfɝm/पुष्टि करना
experiment संज्ञा/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/प्रयोग, तजुर्बा
indicate क्रिया/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/सूचित करना, संकेत करना
lazy विशेषण/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/आलसी, सुस्त
researcher संज्ञा/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/शोधकर्ता, शोधक
sidewalk संज्ञा/ˈsaɪdwɔk/फ़ुटपाथ, फुटपाथ
temporary विशेषण/ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/अस्थायी
intense विशेषण/ɪnˈtɛns/प्रचंड, अतिमात्र
crucial विशेषण/ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/निर्णायक
scientist संज्ञा/ˈsaɪəntəst/वैज्ञानिक, आलिम
developer संज्ञा/dɪˈvɛləpɚ/विकासक
lens संज्ञा/lɛnz/लेंस
simultaneously क्रिया विशेषण/ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/एक बार में
capability संज्ञा/ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/क्षमता

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — पहले शुरू हुआ काम जो अब भी जारी हैhave been studying
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैcan be treated · are processed · being updated
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीstudents who both · those who played · students who played

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, consequently /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, consequently /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/, sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔk/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: lazy /ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/, lens /lɛnz/, puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/
  • शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: stereo /ˈstɛəɹ.i.oʊ/, scan /skæn/, stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर sensitivity, confirm, experiment जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →