शैडोइंग अभ्यास: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Learning a Foreign Language - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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69 वाक्य
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Learning a foreign language is no easy task.
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Researchers into the field of language acquisition have been trying to establish the most efficient ways in
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which learners can retain new words.
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Kathy Wright reports.
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Language learning is all about exposure.
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For example, the more you see, hear, and use a word, the easier it will be to remember it.
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A certain amount of vocabulary acquisition occurs through what is known as incidental learning.
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whereby you pick up words without paying any special attention to them.
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But in order to achieve native speaker fluency, learners must adopt a variety of techniques.
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Professor Chris Johnson has been investigating what we call vocabulary acquisition strategies
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that student learners can use as they make a conscious effort to acquire words and expressions that don't come so easily.
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We tend to classify such acquisition strategies on a scale ranging from shallow to deep.
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Shallow strategies, such as repetition of a word or memorizing a list of words, activate short -term memory.
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Though these methods are quick and easy, the words are forgotten again within a matter of days or weeks.
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Fixing a word or expression in long -term memory requires deeper strategies.
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As you pointed out, Kathy, repetitive exposure is essential, so a number of different strategies should be employed.
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These include reading a variety of articles on the same topic, where key vocabulary appears frequently.
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In addition, using dictionaries to get a stronger sense of how a word is used and in what context, coupled with practice of these words,
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leads to long -term retention.
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Also, familiarizing yourself with word families or other words that combine with the one you're learning helps.
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Some students keep notebooks to help them organize this kind of information.
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More importantly, recent research indicates that fluent speakers have a large amount of prefabricated language at their disposal.
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In other words, the ability to speak fluently is based on the knowledge of collocations and memorized chunks of language.
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These language chunks include a wide variety of phrases and expressions, such as, As far as I know,
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my point is that, Have a nice day!
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This challenges the traditional view of learning discrete words so students should develop deep strategies particularly for learning language chunks.
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But how can learners be sure they are activating long -term memory?
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Well there is a theory called decay theory which contends
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that unless we retrieve and utilize information stored in our memories on a fairly regular basis it will be forgotten.
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New words or phrases need to be encountered in a variety of forms.
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If you read a phrase, try and use it when speaking or in writing and review it at regular spaced intervals.
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After a few hours, the following day, a few days later, and so on.
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Long -term memory has a much greater capacity for storing information, including language items, than short -term memory.
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Furthermore, research has shown that
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But to make the most efficient use of all this storage space, students should focus on learning chunks of language,
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because a chunk is stored in the brain as one item, though it may be made up of five or six discrete words.
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Strategies like these demand effort on the part of the learner, but according to the language experts,
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they do pay off and are crucial for anyone wishing to become truly fluent in a foreign language.
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Number 1.
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What are vocabulary acquisition strategies?
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Number 2.
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What is an example of a deep learning strategy?
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Number 3.
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What is a key finding of recent research?
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Number four.
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What does decay theory suggest?
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Number five.
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What does research into long -term memory indicate?
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Professor Chris Johnson has been investigating in what we call vocabulary acquisition strategies
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that student learners can use as they make a conscious effort to acquire words and expressions that don't come so easily.
51
Fixing a word or expression in long -term memory requires deeper strategies.
52
In addition, using dictionaries to get a stronger sense of how a word is used and in what context, coupled with practice of these words,
53
leads to long -term retention.
54
In other words, the ability to speak fluently is based on the knowledge of collocations and memorized chunks of language.
55
These language chunks include a wide variety of phrases and expressions, such as, as far as I know,
56
my point is that, have a nice day.
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This challenges the traditional view of learning discrete words, so students should develop deep strategies,
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particularly for learning language chunks.
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Well, there is a theory called decay theory,
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which contends that unless we retrieve and utilize information stored in our memories on a fairly regular basis, it will be forgotten.
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Furthermore, research has shown that to make the most efficient use of all this storage space, students should focus on learning chunks of language,
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because a chunk is stored in the brain as one item, though it may be made up of five or six discrete words.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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I love you.
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We'll be right back.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “TOEFL Listening Practice” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: word, language, strategies, learning, chunk। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 69 वाक्य और 843 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 11:13 लंबा है। वक्ता धीरे बोलता है, लगभग 75 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए हर ध्वनि की नकल करने का समय मिलता है। केवल 79% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
acquisition संज्ञा/ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/अधिग्रहण, अभिग्रहण
vocabulary संज्ञा/vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/शब्दावली
phrase संज्ञा/ˈfɹeɪ̯z/मुहावरा, वाक्यांश
decay संज्ञा/diˈkeɪ/अपघटन
indicate क्रिया/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/सूचित करना, संकेत करना
investigate क्रिया/ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/शोध करना
furthermore क्रिया विशेषण/ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/और भी
conscious विशेषण/ˈkɑn.ʃəs/सचेत, जागरूक
shallow विशेषण/ˈʃæloʊ/छिछला, उथला
dictionary संज्ञा/ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/शब्दकोश, कोश
contend क्रिया/kənˈtɛnd/जूझना
topic संज्ञा/ˈtɑpɪk/प्रसंग, विषय
occur क्रिया/əˈkɜː/बीतना
technique संज्ञा/tɛkˈniːk/तकनीक
establish क्रिया/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/स्थापना

वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब

शब्दअर्थ
pick up क्रियाउठाना

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — पहले शुरू हुआ काम जो अब भी जारी हैhave been trying · has been investigating
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैis known · are forgotten · should be employed
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैhas shown

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 4 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे don't, we'll, you're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, acquire /əˈkwaɪɚ/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, utilize /ˈjuː.tɪ.laɪz/, disposal /dɪsˈpoʊ.zəl/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/
  • /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर acquisition, vocabulary, phrase जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →