Shadowing Practice: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Learning a Foreign Language - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Learning a foreign language is no easy task.
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Researchers into the field of language acquisition have been trying to establish the most efficient ways in
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which learners can retain new words.
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Kathy Wright reports.
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Language learning is all about exposure.
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For example, the more you see, hear, and use a word, the easier it will be to remember it.
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A certain amount of vocabulary acquisition occurs through what is known as incidental learning.
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whereby you pick up words without paying any special attention to them.
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But in order to achieve native speaker fluency, learners must adopt a variety of techniques.
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Professor Chris Johnson has been investigating what we call vocabulary acquisition strategies
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that student learners can use as they make a conscious effort to acquire words and expressions that don't come so easily.
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We tend to classify such acquisition strategies on a scale ranging from shallow to deep.
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Shallow strategies, such as repetition of a word or memorizing a list of words, activate short -term memory.
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Though these methods are quick and easy, the words are forgotten again within a matter of days or weeks.
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Fixing a word or expression in long -term memory requires deeper strategies.
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As you pointed out, Kathy, repetitive exposure is essential, so a number of different strategies should be employed.
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These include reading a variety of articles on the same topic, where key vocabulary appears frequently.
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In addition, using dictionaries to get a stronger sense of how a word is used and in what context, coupled with practice of these words,
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leads to long -term retention.
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Also, familiarizing yourself with word families or other words that combine with the one you're learning helps.
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Some students keep notebooks to help them organize this kind of information.
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More importantly, recent research indicates that fluent speakers have a large amount of prefabricated language at their disposal.
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In other words, the ability to speak fluently is based on the knowledge of collocations and memorized chunks of language.
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These language chunks include a wide variety of phrases and expressions, such as, As far as I know,
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my point is that, Have a nice day!
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This challenges the traditional view of learning discrete words so students should develop deep strategies particularly for learning language chunks.
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But how can learners be sure they are activating long -term memory?
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Well there is a theory called decay theory which contends
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that unless we retrieve and utilize information stored in our memories on a fairly regular basis it will be forgotten.
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New words or phrases need to be encountered in a variety of forms.
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If you read a phrase, try and use it when speaking or in writing and review it at regular spaced intervals.
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After a few hours, the following day, a few days later, and so on.
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Long -term memory has a much greater capacity for storing information, including language items, than short -term memory.
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Furthermore, research has shown that
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But to make the most efficient use of all this storage space, students should focus on learning chunks of language,
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because a chunk is stored in the brain as one item, though it may be made up of five or six discrete words.
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Strategies like these demand effort on the part of the learner, but according to the language experts,
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they do pay off and are crucial for anyone wishing to become truly fluent in a foreign language.
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Number 1.
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What are vocabulary acquisition strategies?
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Number 2.
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What is an example of a deep learning strategy?
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Number 3.
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What is a key finding of recent research?
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Number four.
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What does decay theory suggest?
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Number five.
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What does research into long -term memory indicate?
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Professor Chris Johnson has been investigating in what we call vocabulary acquisition strategies
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that student learners can use as they make a conscious effort to acquire words and expressions that don't come so easily.
51
Fixing a word or expression in long -term memory requires deeper strategies.
52
In addition, using dictionaries to get a stronger sense of how a word is used and in what context, coupled with practice of these words,
53
leads to long -term retention.
54
In other words, the ability to speak fluently is based on the knowledge of collocations and memorized chunks of language.
55
These language chunks include a wide variety of phrases and expressions, such as, as far as I know,
56
my point is that, have a nice day.
57
This challenges the traditional view of learning discrete words, so students should develop deep strategies,
58
particularly for learning language chunks.
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Well, there is a theory called decay theory,
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which contends that unless we retrieve and utilize information stored in our memories on a fairly regular basis, it will be forgotten.
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Furthermore, research has shown that to make the most efficient use of all this storage space, students should focus on learning chunks of language,
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because a chunk is stored in the brain as one item, though it may be made up of five or six discrete words.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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I love you.
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We'll be right back.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu konuşma dersi “TOEFL Listening Practice” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: word, language, strategies, learning, chunk. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 69 cümle ve 843 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 11:13 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 75 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin yalnızca %79’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
chunk isim/t͡ʃʌŋk/parça
acquisition isim/ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/edinim
vocabulary isim/vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/kelime hazinesi, kelime kadrosu
phrase isim/ˈfɹeɪ̯z/deyim, tabir
efficient sıfat/ɪˈfɪʃənt/verimli
exposure isim/ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/maruziyet
indicate fiil/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/belirtmek, göstermek
conscious sıfat/ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ayık, uyanık
acquire fiil/əˈkwaɪɚ/edinmek
shallow sıfat/ˈʃæloʊ/sığ
dictionary isim/ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/sözlük, lügat
activate fiil/ˈæktɪˌveɪt/etkinleştirmek
retrieve fiil/ɹɪˈtɹiːv/geri almak
fluent sıfat/ˈfluənt/akıcı
topic isim/ˈtɑpɪk/mevzu, tema

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

YapıVideoda
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — önceden başlayıp hâlâ süren bir eylemhave been trying · has been investigating
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemliis known · are forgotten · should be employed
Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylemhas shown

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı don't, we'll, you're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 4 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

  • /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, acquire /əˈkwaɪɚ/, whereby /wɛə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/
  • Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, fluent /ˈfluənt/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, classify /ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/, fluency /ˈfluːənsi/
  • /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; chunk, acquisition, vocabulary gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →