跟讀練習: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Poor Contrast Sensitivity - 通過影片學習英語口語

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66 句
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thousands of people worldwide suffer from a condition called poor contrast sensitivity.
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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While this condition can be treated, correction involves wearing glasses or contact lenses or having surgery.
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However, recent research may have provided another solution.
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David Sanderson reports.
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People with poor contrast sensitivity have problems with night driving, including seeing pedestrians walking along poorly lit streets.
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They need extra light to read because they tire easily,
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and they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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Recently, neuroscientists at the University of Rochester in New York used video games to carry out experiments on poor contrast sensitivity.
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Professor Frank Alexander explains.
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The images we see are processed by the brain into information about our environment.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently, brain function.
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In this particular experiment,
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researchers studied two groups of college students who both played video games for 50 hours during a nine -week course.
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One group played action -packed shooter games such as Unreal Tournament and Call of Duty,
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which require precise, visually -guided aiming at targets, while the other played less intense puzzle games like Sims.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity,
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while those who played non -action games showed none.
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Fast action video games improved the student's spatial resolution or ability to see small objects,
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even when closely packed together on a cluttered screen. In fact, the students who played action games were able to distinguish such
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objects even in the chaotic visual scenes of a game because gaming sharpens vision.
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It also assists the brain in processing situations that are visually complex,
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allowing a player to keep track of multiple items simultaneously while processing information that is constantly being updated or changed.
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Poor contrast sensitivity was once considered impossible to change naturally, that is, without wearing glasses or undergoing surgery.
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This research confirms that it can be improved.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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This demands consistent alertness and analysis of what's happening on screen.
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But was the improvement temporary or permanent?
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This was crucial to the research.
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The subjects were tested two days after the gaming period, after six months, and then two years later.
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The results confirmed the initial findings video games extend our visual system to its limits
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and the brain adapts itself accordingly the effects remain even two years after the initial gaming period is over
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these findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so
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that both eyes are working together and also to the elderly whose contrast sensitivity has deteriorated with age.
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In addition, the research is relevant to jobs requiring the fast, accurate processing of visual stimuli such as piloting a plane,
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scanning x -rays, and screening luggage at airports.
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Scientists are also interested in how video games can improve learning,
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so that one day developers can create games that intrinsically enhance memory, perception, and other mental capabilities.
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Number 1.
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What is poor contrast sensitivity?
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Number 2.
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What was the purpose of the research?
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Number 3.
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What was the main finding of the research study?
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Number 4.
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Which feature of the games did researchers identify as most significant?
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Number 5.
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How can this research be applied outside the medical field?
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Contrast sensitivity is the crispness of our vision.
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It enables us to see objects or colors that do not clearly stand out from their backgrounds.
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And they may even stumble in the street when they fail to distinguish a step or curb of a similarly colored sidewalk.
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Neuroscientists have been studying how certain video games can enhance your eyesight and consequently brain function.
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The results indicated that gamers who play shooter games experienced a 43 % to 58 % improvement in their contrast sensitivity.
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Consequently, the brain makes better use of the visual information it receives.
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Interestingly, games that best improved contrast sensitivity were unpredictable and required aiming at various targets while distinguishing friend from enemy before shooting.
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Poor contrast sensitivity affects the elderly and those suffering from amblyopia, or lazy eye.
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These findings will be applied to contrast sensitivity in people suffering from amblyopia,
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thus helping to give them stereo vision so that both eyes are working together.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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You Thank you.
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We'll be right back so

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“TOEFL Listening Practice”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：sensitivity, contrast, brain, poor, visual。 這段影片共有 66 個句子、794 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 10:27。 說話人語速較慢，每分鐘約 76 個詞，你有足夠的時間模仿每一個音。 只有 76% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞發音釋義
contrast 名詞/kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/對比度
suffer 動詞/ˈsʌfɚ/受苦, 遭受
distinguish 動詞/dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/區別 /區別, 辨別 /辨別
consequently 副詞/ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/所以, 於是 /於是
elderly 形容詞/ˈɛldɚli/老
shooter 名詞/ˈʃuːtəː/射手
enhance 動詞/ɪnˈhæns/改善
confirm 動詞/kənˈfɝm/證實 /證實, 確認 /確認
experiment 名詞/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/實驗 /實驗
indicate 動詞/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/表明, 表示
similarly 副詞/ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/類似地 /類似地, 同樣地 /同樣地
lazy 形容詞/ˈleɪ̯zi(ː)/懶 /懶, 懶惰 /懶惰
researcher 名詞/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/研究員 /研究員, 研究者
curb 名詞/kɝb/路緣 /路緣
stereo 名詞/ˈstɛəɹ.i.oʊ/立體聲 /立體聲

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞發音釋義
carry out 動詞/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/進行 /進行

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構影片中的用法
現在完成進行時 have/has been + -ing — 以前開始、現在仍在繼續的動作have been studying
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的can be treated · are processed · being updated
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物students who both · those who played · students who played

需要注意的發音

  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, shooter /ˈʃuːtəː/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, perception /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/
  • 長單詞——注意重音位置: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, consequently /ˈkɑnsɪˌkwɛntli/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

  • /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/, involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/, developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/
  • 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/
  • /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, poorly /ˈpʊɹ.li/, accordingly /əˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/

如何用這段影片練習

  1. 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
  2. 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
  3. 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 contrast, suffer, distinguish 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →