跟讀練習: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Dome Structures - 通過影片學習英語口語

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In 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated the city of New Orleans, destroying over a million buildings.

In 2008, a gigantic earthquake measuring 8 .0 on the Richter scale struck Sichuan in China,

leaving close to 5 million people homeless.

But had the structures in either location been built differently, much of the damage might have been prevented, Jim Carter reports.

According to a United Nations report, the number of severe natural disasters has been steadily increasing, along with the number of people affected by them.

Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,

affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.

But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.

Apparently, the square or rectangular shape of most buildings is far from ideal in areas prone to earthquakes, hurricanes, or tornadoes.

Here to tell us why is architect Francis Newberry.

The square and the rectangle are in no way as stable as the dome in terms of construction.

In fact, if more structures in earthquake zones were dome -shaped, billions of dollars could be saved, not to mention countless lives.

And this has been borne out by numerous examples over time.

For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,

severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.

Perhaps a more familiar example is the Pantheon in Rome,

which was built around 126 AD in one of the most seismically active regions of Europe.

It has proved remarkably resilient during the earthquakes and tremors that have rocked the region for centuries, making it the best -preserved building from ancient Rome.

Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,

schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America.

especially in the infamous

Tornado Alley area of the central

United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.

You mentioned that a dome can withstand extreme weather conditions and even earthquakes.

But what is it about this particular shape that makes it inherently stable?

Well, one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is that any pressure, such as ground movement from an earthquake,

is absorbed equally by all points of the structure.

Another factor is the physical geometry of a building, which determines how resistant it is to high winds.

Picture a dome.

It has a perfectly curved surface, so wind flows smoothly around it rather than getting caught on angled walls

and corners as it does on a square building, for example.

Consequently, domes have been built to house and protect radar towers in Antarctica, where winds can reach speeds of over 185 miles an hour.

And the same things that make a dome safe also make it cost -effective in terms of building.

A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.

Furthermore, all that freely circulating air in the open space interior makes heating and cooling an easier proposition, requiring less fuel.

Thus, domes are more economical and better for the environment, too.

So it's virtually indestructible, cost -effective, and eco -friendly.

With benefits like these, it's surprising that the dome is still not the prototypical housing structure, especially in areas of extreme weather.

But as energy costs soar and natural disasters begin to occur with greater frequency, the dome home may yet become a familiar sight.

Number 1.

What has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?

Number two.

Why does Frances Newberry mention structures called yurts?

Number three.

Where are domes being built to protect local residents?

Number 4.

What is one reason for the dome's stability?

Number 5.

What could cause an increase in the construction of domes?

Number one, what has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?

Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,

affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.

But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.

Number 2.

Why does Francis Newberry mention structures called yurts?

For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,

severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.

Number 3.

Where are domes being built to protect local residents?

Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,

schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America, especially in the infamous

Tornado Alley area of the central

United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.

number four what is one reason for the dome's stability

well one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is

that any pressure such as ground movement from an earthquake is absorbed equally by all points of the structure and the same things

that make a dome safe number five also make

it cost effective in terms of A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“TOEFL Listening Practice”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：dome, earthquake, structure, built, disasters。這段影片共有 68 個句子、873 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 7:53。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 111 個詞，很適合跟讀。只有 76% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
dome 名詞	/dəʊm/	圓屋頂 /圓屋頂, 拱頂 /拱頂
earthquake 名詞	/ˈɝθkweɪk/	地震, 地動 /地動
disaster 名詞	/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/	災難 /災難, 災害 /災害
stable 名詞	/ˈsteɪ.bəl/	馬廄, 馬棚 /馬棚
tornado 名詞	/tɔɹˈneɪ.doʊ/	龍捲風 /龍捲風
withstand 動詞	/wɪðˈstænd/	抵抗, 反抗
compare 動詞	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比, 比較 /比較
suffer 動詞	/ˈsʌfɚ/	受苦, 遭受
architecture 名詞	/ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/	建築 /建築, 建築學 /建築學
dust 名詞	/dʌst/	чынтў, хуэйтў
equally 副詞	/ˈiːkwəli/	一樣地 /一樣地, 同樣地 /同樣地
resident 名詞	/ˈɹɛzɪdənt/	居民, 居住者
contribute 動詞	/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/	貢獻 /貢獻
stability 名詞	/stəˈbɪlɪti/	穩定性 /穩定性, 穩定 /穩定
conventional 形容詞	/kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/	協定的

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has been · has brought · have suffered
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	been built · are lost · could be saved
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	structures which can

需要注意的發音

“th” 音: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, indigenous /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒənəs/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/, curve /kɚv/, devastated /ˈdɛv.əˌsteɪ.təd/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, dust /dʌst/, resident /ˈɹɛzɪdənt/, contribute /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, freely /ˈfɹili/, remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 dome, earthquake, disaster 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

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