跟读练习: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Dome Structures - 通过视频学习英语口语

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In 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated the city of New Orleans, destroying over a million buildings.

In 2008, a gigantic earthquake measuring 8 .0 on the Richter scale struck Sichuan in China,

leaving close to 5 million people homeless.

But had the structures in either location been built differently, much of the damage might have been prevented, Jim Carter reports.

According to a United Nations report, the number of severe natural disasters has been steadily increasing, along with the number of people affected by them.

Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,

affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.

But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.

Apparently, the square or rectangular shape of most buildings is far from ideal in areas prone to earthquakes, hurricanes, or tornadoes.

Here to tell us why is architect Francis Newberry.

The square and the rectangle are in no way as stable as the dome in terms of construction.

In fact, if more structures in earthquake zones were dome -shaped, billions of dollars could be saved, not to mention countless lives.

And this has been borne out by numerous examples over time.

For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,

severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.

Perhaps a more familiar example is the Pantheon in Rome,

which was built around 126 AD in one of the most seismically active regions of Europe.

It has proved remarkably resilient during the earthquakes and tremors that have rocked the region for centuries, making it the best -preserved building from ancient Rome.

Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,

schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America.

especially in the infamous

Tornado Alley area of the central

United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.

You mentioned that a dome can withstand extreme weather conditions and even earthquakes.

But what is it about this particular shape that makes it inherently stable?

Well, one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is that any pressure, such as ground movement from an earthquake,

is absorbed equally by all points of the structure.

Another factor is the physical geometry of a building, which determines how resistant it is to high winds.

Picture a dome.

It has a perfectly curved surface, so wind flows smoothly around it rather than getting caught on angled walls

and corners as it does on a square building, for example.

Consequently, domes have been built to house and protect radar towers in Antarctica, where winds can reach speeds of over 185 miles an hour.

And the same things that make a dome safe also make it cost -effective in terms of building.

A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.

Furthermore, all that freely circulating air in the open space interior makes heating and cooling an easier proposition, requiring less fuel.

Thus, domes are more economical and better for the environment, too.

So it's virtually indestructible, cost -effective, and eco -friendly.

With benefits like these, it's surprising that the dome is still not the prototypical housing structure, especially in areas of extreme weather.

But as energy costs soar and natural disasters begin to occur with greater frequency, the dome home may yet become a familiar sight.

Number 1.

What has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?

Number two.

Why does Frances Newberry mention structures called yurts?

Number three.

Where are domes being built to protect local residents?

Number 4.

What is one reason for the dome's stability?

Number 5.

What could cause an increase in the construction of domes?

Number one, what has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?

Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,

affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.

But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.

Number 2.

Why does Francis Newberry mention structures called yurts?

For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,

severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.

Number 3.

Where are domes being built to protect local residents?

Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,

schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America, especially in the infamous

Tornado Alley area of the central

United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.

number four what is one reason for the dome's stability

well one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is

that any pressure such as ground movement from an earthquake is absorbed equally by all points of the structure and the same things

that make a dome safe number five also make

it cost effective in terms of A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.

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FOR YOU

本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“TOEFL Listening Practice”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：dome, earthquake, structure, built, disasters。这段视频共有 68 个句子、873 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 7:53。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 111 个词，很适合跟读。只有 76% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
dome 名词	/dəʊm/	圓屋頂 /圆屋顶, 拱頂 /拱顶
earthquake 名词	/ˈɝθkweɪk/	地震, 地動 /地动
disaster 名词	/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/	災難 /灾难, 災害 /灾害
stable 名词	/ˈsteɪ.bəl/	馬厩, 馬棚 /马棚
tornado 名词	/tɔɹˈneɪ.doʊ/	龍捲風 /龙卷风
withstand 动词	/wɪðˈstænd/	抵抗, 反抗
compare 动词	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比, 比較 /比较
suffer 动词	/ˈsʌfɚ/	受苦, 遭受
architecture 名词	/ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/	建築 /建筑, 建築學 /建筑学
dust 名词	/dʌst/	чынтў, хуэйтў
equally 副词	/ˈiːkwəli/	一樣地 /一样地, 同樣地 /同样地
resident 名词	/ˈɹɛzɪdənt/	居民, 居住者
contribute 动词	/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/	貢獻 /贡献
stability 名词	/stəˈbɪlɪti/	穩定性 /稳定性, 穩定 /稳定
conventional 形容词	/kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/	协定的

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has been · has brought · have suffered
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	been built · are lost · could be saved
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	structures which can

需要注意的发音

“th” 音: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, indigenous /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒənəs/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/, curve /kɚv/, devastated /ˈdɛv.əˌsteɪ.təd/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, dust /dʌst/, resident /ˈɹɛzɪdənt/, contribute /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, freely /ˈfɹili/, remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 dome, earthquake, disaster 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Dome Structures - 通过视频学习英语口语

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