Prática de Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Dome Structures - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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1
In 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated the city of New Orleans, destroying over a million buildings.
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In 2008, a gigantic earthquake measuring 8 .0 on the Richter scale struck Sichuan in China,
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leaving close to 5 million people homeless.
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But had the structures in either location been built differently, much of the damage might have been prevented, Jim Carter reports.
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According to a United Nations report, the number of severe natural disasters has been steadily increasing, along with the number of people affected by them.
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Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,
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affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.
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But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.
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Apparently, the square or rectangular shape of most buildings is far from ideal in areas prone to earthquakes, hurricanes, or tornadoes.
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Here to tell us why is architect Francis Newberry.
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The square and the rectangle are in no way as stable as the dome in terms of construction.
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In fact, if more structures in earthquake zones were dome -shaped, billions of dollars could be saved, not to mention countless lives.
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And this has been borne out by numerous examples over time.
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For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,
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severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.
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Perhaps a more familiar example is the Pantheon in Rome,
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which was built around 126 AD in one of the most seismically active regions of Europe.
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It has proved remarkably resilient during the earthquakes and tremors that have rocked the region for centuries, making it the best -preserved building from ancient Rome.
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Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,
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schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America.
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especially in the infamous
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Tornado Alley area of the central
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United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.
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You mentioned that a dome can withstand extreme weather conditions and even earthquakes.
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But what is it about this particular shape that makes it inherently stable?
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Well, one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is that any pressure, such as ground movement from an earthquake,
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is absorbed equally by all points of the structure.
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Another factor is the physical geometry of a building, which determines how resistant it is to high winds.
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Picture a dome.
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It has a perfectly curved surface, so wind flows smoothly around it rather than getting caught on angled walls
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and corners as it does on a square building, for example.
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Consequently, domes have been built to house and protect radar towers in Antarctica, where winds can reach speeds of over 185 miles an hour.
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And the same things that make a dome safe also make it cost -effective in terms of building.
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A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.
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Furthermore, all that freely circulating air in the open space interior makes heating and cooling an easier proposition, requiring less fuel.
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Thus, domes are more economical and better for the environment, too.
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So it's virtually indestructible, cost -effective, and eco -friendly.
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With benefits like these, it's surprising that the dome is still not the prototypical housing structure, especially in areas of extreme weather.
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But as energy costs soar and natural disasters begin to occur with greater frequency, the dome home may yet become a familiar sight.
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Number 1.
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What has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?
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Number two.
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Why does Frances Newberry mention structures called yurts?
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Number three.
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Where are domes being built to protect local residents?
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Number 4.
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What is one reason for the dome's stability?
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Number 5.
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What could cause an increase in the construction of domes?
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Number one, what has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?
51
Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,
52
affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.
53
But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.
54
Number 2.
55
Why does Francis Newberry mention structures called yurts?
56
For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,
57
severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.
58
Number 3.
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Where are domes being built to protect local residents?
60
Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,
61
schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America, especially in the infamous
62
Tornado Alley area of the central
63
United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.
64
number four what is one reason for the dome's stability
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well one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is
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that any pressure such as ground movement from an earthquake is absorbed equally by all points of the structure and the same things
67
that make a dome safe number five also make
68
it cost effective in terms of A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “TOEFL Listening Practice”. As palavras que mais se repetem: dome, earthquake, structure, built, disasters. Este vídeo tem 68 frases e 873 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:53. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 111 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 76% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

PalavraPronúnciaSignificado
dome substantivo/dəʊm/domo, cúpula
earthquake substantivo/ˈɝθkweɪk/sismo, terramoto
disaster substantivo/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/desastre
stable substantivo/ˈsteɪ.bəl/estábulo, cavalariça
tornado substantivo/tɔɹˈneɪ.doʊ/ciclone, tornado
withstand verbo/wɪðˈstænd/aguentar
compare verbo/kəmˈpɛɚ/comparar
suffer verbo/ˈsʌfɚ/sofrer
architecture substantivo/ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/arquitetura
dust substantivo/dʌst/pó, poeira
equally advérbio/ˈiːkwəli/igualmente
resident substantivo/ˈɹɛzɪdənt/morador, residente
contribute verbo/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/contribuir
stability substantivo/stəˈbɪlɪti/estabilidade
conventional adjetivo/kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/convencional

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agorahas been · has brought · have suffered
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazbeen built · are lost · could be saved
Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisastructures which can

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

  • Os sons de “th”: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, indigenous /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒənəs/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

  • Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, dust /dʌst/, resident /ˈɹɛzɪdənt/, contribute /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/
  • /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, ideal /aɪˈdi(ə)l/, angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/, economical /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/
  • /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hurricane /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, inhabitant /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como dome, earthquake, disaster.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →