Практика Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Dome Structures - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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In 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated the city of New Orleans, destroying over a million buildings.

In 2008, a gigantic earthquake measuring 8 .0 on the Richter scale struck Sichuan in China,

leaving close to 5 million people homeless.

But had the structures in either location been built differently, much of the damage might have been prevented, Jim Carter reports.

According to a United Nations report, the number of severe natural disasters has been steadily increasing, along with the number of people affected by them.

Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,

affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.

But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.

Apparently, the square or rectangular shape of most buildings is far from ideal in areas prone to earthquakes, hurricanes, or tornadoes.

Here to tell us why is architect Francis Newberry.

The square and the rectangle are in no way as stable as the dome in terms of construction.

In fact, if more structures in earthquake zones were dome -shaped, billions of dollars could be saved, not to mention countless lives.

And this has been borne out by numerous examples over time.

For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,

severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.

Perhaps a more familiar example is the Pantheon in Rome,

which was built around 126 AD in one of the most seismically active regions of Europe.

It has proved remarkably resilient during the earthquakes and tremors that have rocked the region for centuries, making it the best -preserved building from ancient Rome.

Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,

schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America.

especially in the infamous

Tornado Alley area of the central

United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.

You mentioned that a dome can withstand extreme weather conditions and even earthquakes.

But what is it about this particular shape that makes it inherently stable?

Well, one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is that any pressure, such as ground movement from an earthquake,

is absorbed equally by all points of the structure.

Another factor is the physical geometry of a building, which determines how resistant it is to high winds.

Picture a dome.

It has a perfectly curved surface, so wind flows smoothly around it rather than getting caught on angled walls

and corners as it does on a square building, for example.

Consequently, domes have been built to house and protect radar towers in Antarctica, where winds can reach speeds of over 185 miles an hour.

And the same things that make a dome safe also make it cost -effective in terms of building.

A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.

Furthermore, all that freely circulating air in the open space interior makes heating and cooling an easier proposition, requiring less fuel.

Thus, domes are more economical and better for the environment, too.

So it's virtually indestructible, cost -effective, and eco -friendly.

With benefits like these, it's surprising that the dome is still not the prototypical housing structure, especially in areas of extreme weather.

But as energy costs soar and natural disasters begin to occur with greater frequency, the dome home may yet become a familiar sight.

Number 1.

What has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?

Number two.

Why does Frances Newberry mention structures called yurts?

Number three.

Where are domes being built to protect local residents?

Number 4.

What is one reason for the dome's stability?

Number 5.

What could cause an increase in the construction of domes?

Number one, what has contributed to the large numbers of homeless people following natural disasters?

Growing urbanization worldwide has brought with it an urgent demand for quickly built,

affordable housing, and building standards have suffered as a result.

But poor construction is only one of the reasons that so many homes are lost in such disasters.

Number 2.

Why does Francis Newberry mention structures called yurts?

For centuries, indigenous peoples in Mongolia have lived in yurts, dome -shaped structures which can withstand the earthquakes,

severe blizzards, and dust storms of Central Asia.

Number 3.

Where are domes being built to protect local residents?

Yet, despite such examples, it was only in the second half of the 20th century that dome -shaped homes,

schools, and even churches began to appear sporadically in America, especially in the infamous

Tornado Alley area of the central

United States, where more and more inhabitants are switching to dome architecture for increased security.

number four what is one reason for the dome's stability

well one factor that makes it especially stable compared to a conventional building is

that any pressure such as ground movement from an earthquake is absorbed equally by all points of the structure and the same things

that make a dome safe number five also make

it cost effective in terms of A sphere has less surface area than a rectangle, which reduces material and construction costs considerably.

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FOR YOU

Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «TOEFL Listening Practice». Чаще всего повторяются слова: dome, earthquake, structure, built, disasters. В этом видео 68 предложений и 873 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 7:53. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 111 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 76% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
dome существительное	/dəʊm/	ку́пол, свод
earthquake существительное	/ˈɝθkweɪk/	землетрясе́ние
disaster существительное	/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/	бе́дствие, катастро́фа
stable существительное	/ˈsteɪ.bəl/	коню́шня, хлев
tornado существительное	/tɔɹˈneɪ.doʊ/	смерч, торна́до
withstand глагол	/wɪðˈstænd/	сопротивля́ться, противостоя́ть
compare глагол	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	сра́внивать, сравни́ть
suffer глагол	/ˈsʌfɚ/	страда́ть, му́чаться
architecture существительное	/ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/	архитекту́ра, зо́дчество
dust существительное	/dʌst/	пыль, прах
equally наречие	/ˈiːkwəli/	одина́ково, по́ровну
resident существительное	/ˈɹɛzɪdənt/	жи́тель, жи́тельница
contribute глагол	/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/	де́лать поже́ртвования, де́лать взно́сы
stability существительное	/stəˈbɪlɪti/	стаби́льность, усто́йчивость
conventional прилагательное	/kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/	общепри́нятый, конвенцио́нный

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	has been · has brought · have suffered
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	been built · are lost · could be saved
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	structures which can

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Звуки «th»: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, indigenous /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒənəs/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, equally /ˈiːkwəli/, frequency /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hurricane /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, inhabitant /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, blizzard /ˈblɪz.ɚd/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/, curve /kɚv/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как dome, earthquake, disaster.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

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