跟读练习: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Diabetes - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Many individuals suffering from the medical condition known as diabetes rely on artificial insulin to maintain good health.

The principal means of delivering insulin to the body is via injection,

but work is being done to develop other reliable means of administering it without having to use a syringe.

Charlotte Newman reports.

Diabetes is a condition in which the body does not release or properly respond to insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.

Many diabetics require regular insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels, in some cases, as many as 10 or more shots a day.

Although insulin injections allow diabetics to live full and active lives, the treatment does have inherent disadvantages.

But at Syracuse University in New York, a new delivery method is currently under development.

Insulin chewing gum.

Chemist Max Garcia is here to tell us more.

Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.

A condition known as lipodystrophy in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.

At affected areas, the absorption of insulin may be impaired, making it difficult to calculate the correct dosage.

Oral delivery of insulin would, therefore, be a preferable treatment.

But the development of pills

and capsules has been hampered by various problems relating to the physical and chemical stability of the hormone.

One major challenge has been to find a way to protect insulin from the hostile conditions in the digestive system.

Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.

Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle.

And now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.

That's right.

Using their knowledge of the digestive system,

our scientists realized that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system.

So the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin B12,

A protein called haptocorin, present in the saliva in the mouth,

joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.

The research team's idea was simply for the insulin to hitch a ride, as it were, along with a protected vitamin.

This particular vitamin seems to be a very good choice once

the b12 reaches the intestine intact another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream

so by binding insulin to vitamin b12 the chances of it

being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized early tests with rats indicate

that the researchers are on the right track in these tests the new treatment was administered in liquid form

but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.

Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptocorin is produced.

If this solution proves feasible and viable,

diabetics might one day be able to throw away their syringes and reach for a pack of 1.

What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?

Number 2.

What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?

Number 3.

What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?

Number 4.

In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?

5. What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insolent?

Number 1.

What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?

Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.

A condition known as lipodystrophy, in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.

Number 2.

What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?

Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.

Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle, and now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.

Number three.

What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?

that's right using their knowledge of the digestive system our scientists realized

that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system

so the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin b12 a protein called haptocorin,

present in the saliva in the mouth, joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.

Number 4.

In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?

Once the B12 reaches the intestine intact, another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream.

So by binding insulin to vitamin B12, the chances of it being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized.

Number 5.

What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insulin?

Early tests with rats indicate that the researchers are on the right track.

In these tests, the new treatment was administered in liquid form, but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.

Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptochorin is produced.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“TOEFL Listening Practice”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：insulin, vitamin, digestive, chewing, molecules。这段视频共有 67 个句子、876 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 8:29。说话人语速较慢，每分钟约 103 个词，你有足够的时间模仿每一个音。只有 74% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
insulin 名词	/ˈɪnsəlɪn/	胰島素 /胰岛素
vitamin 名词	/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/	維生素 /维生素, 維他命 /维他命
chew 动词	/tʃuː/	嚼, 咀嚼
molecule 名词	/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/	分子
injection 名词	/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/	注射
scientist 名词	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	科學家 /科学家
researcher 名词	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	研究員 /研究员, 研究者
oral 形容词	/ˈɔː.ɹəl/	口的, 口腔的
administer 动词	/ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/	管理
chemist 名词	/ˈkɛmɪst/	化學家 /化学家
efficient 形容词	/ɪˈfɪʃənt/	高效率
stomach 名词	/ˈstʌmək/	дўзы, 胃
liquid 名词	/ˈlɪk.wɪd/	液體 /液体, 液態 /液态
indicate 动词	/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/	表明, 表示
difficulty 名词	/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/	困難 /困难

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
break down 动词	壞了 /坏了, 出故障
come up with 动词	想出, 提出
throw away 动词	棄置 /弃置, 扔

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	being done · may be impaired · has been hampered
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has been hampered · has been · have tried

需要注意的发音

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
长单词——注意重音位置: administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, viable /ˈvaɪəbəl/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/, chemist /ˈkɛmɪst/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, stomach /ˈstʌmək/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: oral /ˈɔː.ɹəl/, reliable /ɹɪˈlaɪəbl̩/, rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/, relate /ɹɪˈleɪt/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 insulin, vitamin, chew 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Diabetes - 通过视频学习英语口语

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