Pratique du Shadowing: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Diabetes - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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67 phrases
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1
Many individuals suffering from the medical condition known as diabetes rely on artificial insulin to maintain good health.
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The principal means of delivering insulin to the body is via injection,
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but work is being done to develop other reliable means of administering it without having to use a syringe.
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Charlotte Newman reports.
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Diabetes is a condition in which the body does not release or properly respond to insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.
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Many diabetics require regular insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels, in some cases, as many as 10 or more shots a day.
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Although insulin injections allow diabetics to live full and active lives, the treatment does have inherent disadvantages.
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But at Syracuse University in New York, a new delivery method is currently under development.
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Insulin chewing gum.
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Chemist Max Garcia is here to tell us more.
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
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A condition known as lipodystrophy in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
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At affected areas, the absorption of insulin may be impaired, making it difficult to calculate the correct dosage.
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Oral delivery of insulin would, therefore, be a preferable treatment.
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But the development of pills
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and capsules has been hampered by various problems relating to the physical and chemical stability of the hormone.
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One major challenge has been to find a way to protect insulin from the hostile conditions in the digestive system.
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Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
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Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle.
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And now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
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That's right.
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Using their knowledge of the digestive system,
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our scientists realized that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system.
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So the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin B12,
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A protein called haptocorin, present in the saliva in the mouth,
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joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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The research team's idea was simply for the insulin to hitch a ride, as it were, along with a protected vitamin.
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This particular vitamin seems to be a very good choice once
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the b12 reaches the intestine intact another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream
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so by binding insulin to vitamin b12 the chances of it
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being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized early tests with rats indicate
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that the researchers are on the right track in these tests the new treatment was administered in liquid form
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but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptocorin is produced.
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If this solution proves feasible and viable,
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diabetics might one day be able to throw away their syringes and reach for a pack of 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
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Number 3.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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5. What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insolent?
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Number 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
47
Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
48
A condition known as lipodystrophy, in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
49
Number 2.
50
What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
51
Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
52
Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle, and now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
53
Number three.
54
What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
55
that's right using their knowledge of the digestive system our scientists realized
56
that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system
57
so the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin b12 a protein called haptocorin,
58
present in the saliva in the mouth, joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
59
Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
61
Once the B12 reaches the intestine intact, another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream.
62
So by binding insulin to vitamin B12, the chances of it being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized.
63
Number 5.
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What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insulin?
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Early tests with rats indicate that the researchers are on the right track.
66
In these tests, the new treatment was administered in liquid form, but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
67
Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptochorin is produced.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « TOEFL Listening Practice ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : insulin, vitamin, digestive, chewing, molecules. Cette vidéo contient 67 phrases et 876 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:29. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 103 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. Seuls 74 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
insulin nom/ˈɪnsəlɪn/insuline
vitamin nom/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/vitamine
chew verbe/tʃuː/mâcher, mordiller
molecule nom/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/molécule
injection nom/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/injection
scientist nom/ˈsaɪəntəst/scientifique, savant
researcher nom/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/chercheur, chercheuse
oral adjectif/ˈɔː.ɹəl/oral, buccal
administer verbe/ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/administrer, gérer
chemist nom/ˈkɛmɪst/chimiste
efficient adjectif/ɪˈfɪʃənt/efficace
stomach nom/ˈstʌmək/estomac
liquid nom/ˈlɪk.wɪd/liquide
indicate verbe/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/indiquer, signaler
difficulty nom/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/difficulté

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotSens
break down verbetomber en panne
come up with verbeinventer, imaginer
pass through verbetraverser
throw away verberejeter, jeter

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

StructureDans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le faitbeing done · may be impaired · has been hampered
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenanthas been hampered · has been · have tried

Prononciation à surveiller

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hostile /ˈhɑstəl/, inherent /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/, hamper /ˈhæm.pɚ/, hitch /hɪt͡ʃ/
  • /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: chew /tʃuː/, injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, oral /ˈɔː.ɹəl/, rat /ɹæt/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme insulin, vitamin, chew.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →