शैडोइंग अभ्यास: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Diabetes - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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67 वाक्य
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Many individuals suffering from the medical condition known as diabetes rely on artificial insulin to maintain good health.
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The principal means of delivering insulin to the body is via injection,
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but work is being done to develop other reliable means of administering it without having to use a syringe.
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Charlotte Newman reports.
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Diabetes is a condition in which the body does not release or properly respond to insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.
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Many diabetics require regular insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels, in some cases, as many as 10 or more shots a day.
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Although insulin injections allow diabetics to live full and active lives, the treatment does have inherent disadvantages.
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But at Syracuse University in New York, a new delivery method is currently under development.
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Insulin chewing gum.
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Chemist Max Garcia is here to tell us more.
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
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A condition known as lipodystrophy in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
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At affected areas, the absorption of insulin may be impaired, making it difficult to calculate the correct dosage.
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Oral delivery of insulin would, therefore, be a preferable treatment.
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But the development of pills
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and capsules has been hampered by various problems relating to the physical and chemical stability of the hormone.
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One major challenge has been to find a way to protect insulin from the hostile conditions in the digestive system.
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Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
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Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle.
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And now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
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That's right.
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Using their knowledge of the digestive system,
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our scientists realized that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system.
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So the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin B12,
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A protein called haptocorin, present in the saliva in the mouth,
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joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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The research team's idea was simply for the insulin to hitch a ride, as it were, along with a protected vitamin.
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This particular vitamin seems to be a very good choice once
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the b12 reaches the intestine intact another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream
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so by binding insulin to vitamin b12 the chances of it
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being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized early tests with rats indicate
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that the researchers are on the right track in these tests the new treatment was administered in liquid form
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but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptocorin is produced.
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If this solution proves feasible and viable,
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diabetics might one day be able to throw away their syringes and reach for a pack of 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
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Number 3.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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5. What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insolent?
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Number 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
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A condition known as lipodystrophy, in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
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Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
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Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
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Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle, and now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
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Number three.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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that's right using their knowledge of the digestive system our scientists realized
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that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system
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so the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin b12 a protein called haptocorin,
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present in the saliva in the mouth, joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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Once the B12 reaches the intestine intact, another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream.
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So by binding insulin to vitamin B12, the chances of it being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized.
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Number 5.
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What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insulin?
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Early tests with rats indicate that the researchers are on the right track.
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In these tests, the new treatment was administered in liquid form, but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptochorin is produced.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “TOEFL Listening Practice” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: insulin, vitamin, digestive, chewing, molecules। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 67 वाक्य और 876 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 8:29 लंबा है। वक्ता धीरे बोलता है, लगभग 103 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए हर ध्वनि की नकल करने का समय मिलता है। केवल 74% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
insulin संज्ञा/ˈɪnsəlɪn/मधुसूदनी
vitamin संज्ञा/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/विटामिन, जीवसत्त्व
chew क्रिया/tʃuː/चबाना
molecule संज्ञा/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/अणु, व्यूहाणु
injection संज्ञा/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/इंजेक्शन
scientist संज्ञा/ˈsaɪəntəst/वैज्ञानिक, आलिम
researcher संज्ञा/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/शोधकर्ता, शोधक
chemist संज्ञा/ˈkɛmɪst/रसायन विज्ञानी, रसायनज्ञ
stomach संज्ञा/ˈstʌmək/आमाशय, पेट
liquid संज्ञा/ˈlɪk.wɪd/द्रव, तरल
indicate क्रिया/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/सूचित करना, संकेत करना
difficulty संज्ञा/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/कठिनाई, मुसीबत
sufficient/səˈfɪʃənt/पर्याप्त
mechanism संज्ञा/ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/तंत्र, यंत्रावली
encounter क्रिया/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/सामना, भेंट

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैbeing done · may be impaired · has been hampered
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैhas been hampered · has been · have tried

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/, viable /ˈvaɪəbəl/
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, feasible /ˈfiː.zɪ.bəl/, optimize /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/
  • शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: stomach /ˈstʌmək/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर insulin, vitamin, chew जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →