Shadowing Practice: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Diabetes - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Many individuals suffering from the medical condition known as diabetes rely on artificial insulin to maintain good health.
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The principal means of delivering insulin to the body is via injection,
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but work is being done to develop other reliable means of administering it without having to use a syringe.
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Charlotte Newman reports.
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Diabetes is a condition in which the body does not release or properly respond to insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.
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Many diabetics require regular insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels, in some cases, as many as 10 or more shots a day.
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Although insulin injections allow diabetics to live full and active lives, the treatment does have inherent disadvantages.
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But at Syracuse University in New York, a new delivery method is currently under development.
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Insulin chewing gum.
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Chemist Max Garcia is here to tell us more.
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
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A condition known as lipodystrophy in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
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At affected areas, the absorption of insulin may be impaired, making it difficult to calculate the correct dosage.
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Oral delivery of insulin would, therefore, be a preferable treatment.
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But the development of pills
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and capsules has been hampered by various problems relating to the physical and chemical stability of the hormone.
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One major challenge has been to find a way to protect insulin from the hostile conditions in the digestive system.
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Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
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Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle.
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And now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
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That's right.
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Using their knowledge of the digestive system,
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our scientists realized that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system.
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So the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin B12,
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A protein called haptocorin, present in the saliva in the mouth,
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joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
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The research team's idea was simply for the insulin to hitch a ride, as it were, along with a protected vitamin.
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This particular vitamin seems to be a very good choice once
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the b12 reaches the intestine intact another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream
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so by binding insulin to vitamin b12 the chances of it
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being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized early tests with rats indicate
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that the researchers are on the right track in these tests the new treatment was administered in liquid form
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but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
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Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptocorin is produced.
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If this solution proves feasible and viable,
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diabetics might one day be able to throw away their syringes and reach for a pack of 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Number 2.
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What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
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Number 3.
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What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
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Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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5. What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insolent?
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Number 1.
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What is one reason why researchers want to find an alternative delivery system for insulin?
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Well, while many diabetics inject themselves regularly without any real discomfort, some do experience pain and itching where the needle breaks the skin.
48
A condition known as lipodystrophy, in which the skin puckers can even develop at the site of multiple injections.
49
Number 2.
50
What difficulty has impeded attempts to develop an oral insulin treatment?
51
Apparently, insulin molecules delivered by mouth will be broken down by the high acidity they encounter in the digestive tract.
52
Scientists have tried various strategies to overcome this obstacle, and now the team at Syracuse has come up with a potential solution.
53
Number three.
54
What breakthrough did the chemists at Syracuse University make?
55
that's right using their knowledge of the digestive system our scientists realized
56
that the body has a mechanism to protect valuable molecules as they pass through the digestive system
57
so the team decided to chemically bind insulin molecules to vitamin b12 a protein called haptocorin,
58
present in the saliva in the mouth, joins with this particular vitamin to ensure its safe passage through the stomach to the intestine.
59
Number 4.
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In which part of the body does haptocorin's protective function end?
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Once the B12 reaches the intestine intact, another chemical takes over from the haptocorin to help it enter the bloodstream.
62
So by binding insulin to vitamin B12, the chances of it being absorbed into the bloodstream are optimized.
63
Number 5.
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What is the current status of the research into chewing gum as a medium for insulin?
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Early tests with rats indicate that the researchers are on the right track.
66
In these tests, the new treatment was administered in liquid form, but chewing gum would probably be a more efficient medium for human beings.
67
Through the chewing action, we could ensure sufficient haptochorin is produced.

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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “TOEFL Listening Practice”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: insulin, vitamin, digestive, chewing, molecules. Deze video bevat 67 zinnen en 876 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 8:29. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 103 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. Slechts 74% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:

WoordUitspraakBetekenis
insulin zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈɪnsəlɪn/insuline
vitamin zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/vitamine
chew werkwoord/tʃuː/kauwen
molecule zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/molecuul
injection zelfstandig naamwoord/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/inspuiting
scientist zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈsaɪəntəst/wetenschapper, wetenschapster
researcher zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/onderzoeker
oral bijvoeglijk naamwoord/ˈɔː.ɹəl/mondelijk, oraal
chemist zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈkɛmɪst/scheikundige, chemicus
efficient bijvoeglijk naamwoord/ɪˈfɪʃənt/efficiënt
stomach zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈstʌmək/maag
liquid zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈlɪk.wɪd/vloeistof
indicate werkwoord/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/aanwijzen, aanduiden
difficulty zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/moeilijkheid
sufficient/səˈfɪʃənt/genoeg

Phrasal verbs die je zult horen

WoordBetekenis
break down werkwoordstukgaan, kapot gaan
come up with werkwoordbedenken, verzinnen
throw away werkwoordweggooien

Grammatica in deze video

De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:

StructuurIn de video
Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doetbeing done · may be impaired · has been hampered
Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telthas been hampered · has been · have tried

Uitspraak om op te letten

  • De klanken “sh” en “zh”: injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/
  • Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:

  • Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/, liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/, passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, protective /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/
  • /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/, rat /ɹæt/, intact /ɪnˈtækt/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, tract /tɹækt/
  • /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/, glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/

Zo oefen je met deze video

  1. Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
  2. Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
  3. Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als insulin, vitamin, chew.

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

Shadowing-techniek: lees de volledige stap-voor-stap-gids →