쉐도잉 연습: TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | Arachnophobia - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
1
Arachnophobia or fear of spiders, is one of the most common phobias around.
2
Yet the vast majority of spiders that we come across are completely harmless.
3
So where does this irrational fear come from?
4
A group of scientists think they may have the answer.
5
Joanna Taylor reports.
6
From a young age many people regard spiders with terror.
7
based on previous research psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents
8
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
9
A recent study, however, indicates that a special reaction to spiders could be something we're born with.
10
Cognitive psychologist Dr. Brian Anderson explains more about how the study was carried out.
11
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
12
that has been with us for centuries.
13
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
14
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider.
15
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
16
7 to 8 seconds longer The experiment was repeated several times.
17
Sometimes replacing the spider image with one of a flower.
18
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
19
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
20
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
21
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
22
or that they're feared by many people.
23
But Dr. Anderson, how often do any of us actually encounter a poisonous spider?
24
Not often.
25
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
26
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
27
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
28
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat,
29
Unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants, that can be seen clearly from a distance.
30
So among our ancestors, those who are instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an arachnophobic gene, if you like.
31
would have been more likely to spot it quickly, Either run, or kill it, and thus survived.
32
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
33
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
34
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
35
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
36
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
37
This study has implications for all phobia research.
38
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
39
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older for example
40
Why does a child fear darkness more than an adult?
41
Is it because a child lost in the African bush after dark would have been easy prey for animal predators?
42
Further study in this field may answer these questions and more.
43
Number one.
44
What did the original research on fear of spiders indicate?
45
Number 2 What did the study actually measure?
46
Number 3.
47
What was the main finding of the study?
48
Number four.
49
Why might arachnophobia be more common in women?
50
Number five.
51
What could further research in this area clarify?
52
Music.
53
Based on previous research, psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
54
Based on previous research, psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
55
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
56
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
57
7 to 8 seconds longer, What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture,
58
They fix their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
59
7 to 8 seconds longer,
60
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited.
61
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
62
or that they're feared by many people.
63
See our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
64
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
65
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
66
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
67
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
68
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older.
69
You see, similar studies may prove that other phobias are inherited too
70
and may also explain why our fears change as we get older.
71
Music.
72
Arachnophobia, or fear of spiders, is one of the most common phobias around.
73
So where does this irrational fear come from?
74
From a young age, many people regard spiders with terror.
75
psychologists had concluded that children pick up this fear by observing the behavior of their parents.
76
When an adult shows fear or disgust at the sight of a spider, the child learns that this is the normal response.
77
A recent study, however, indicates that a special reaction to spiders could be something we're born with.
78
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
79
that has been with us for centuries.
80
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because it
81
But Dr. Anderson, how often do any of us actually encounter a poisonous spider?
82
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, they're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
83
Music.
84
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
85
that has been with us for centuries.
86
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
87
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider,
88
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fix their attention on it for longer than on any of the other images.
89
7 to 8 seconds longer,
90
Scientists at an American university set out to examine whether our fear of spiders is a genetic trait
91
that has been with us for centuries.
92
So, they carried out an experiment on a group of five -month -old infants.
93
During the experiment, The babies were shown a selection of images, including a picture of a spider.
94
What happened was that the babies looked at the spider picture, They fixed their attention on it, for longer than on any of the other images.
95
7 to 8 seconds longer, The experiment was repeated several times.
96
Sometimes replacing the spider image, with one of a flower.
97
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
98
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
99
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
100
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old,
101
we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly or that they're feared by many people.
102
The experiment was repeated several times.
103
Sometimes replacing the spider image, with one of a flower.
104
But it was always the spider picture that the babies looked at longest.
105
What this study shows is that, while we're not born with a fear of spiders exactly,
106
we instinctively look at them more carefully and at length more than at a flower, for example.
107
And so the findings indicate that this special awareness must be inherited because at 5 months old, we can't possibly know that spiders are considered ugly,
108
or that they're feared by many people.
109
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
110
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
111
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
112
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
113
unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants that can be seen clearly from a distance.
114
So among our ancestors, those who were instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an arachnophobic gene if you like,
115
would have been more likely to spot it quickly.
116
Either run, or kill it and thus survive.
117
So why then do we have this built -in awareness?
118
Well, it can be explained by evolution.
119
Our early human ancestors lived in the tropical grasslands of Africa that are home to the most dangerous species of spider.
120
The problem with poisonous spiders is that by the time you've spotted them, They're usually close enough to pose a serious threat.
121
Unlike larger dangers or predators such as lions or elephants, that can be seen clearly from a distance.
122
So among our ancestors, those who are instinctively cautious of spiders, who had an "arachnophobic gene" if you like.
123
would have been more likely to spot it quickly, either run, or kill it, and thus survive.
124
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
125
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
126
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
127
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting, so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
128
and those that survived, according to evolutionary theory, passed on their genes to following generations.
129
So this particular gene has stayed with us to this day.
130
Incidentally, This theory also explains why women are three to four times more likely than men to fear spiders.
131
You see our female ancestors gathered plants and fruit while the men were out hunting.
132
so they would have encountered spiders more frequently.
133
Music
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이번 수업에 대하여
이번 수업에서는 거미에 대한 두려움, 즉 거미 공포증에 관한 연구를 통해 듣기 연습을 하게 됩니다. 학생들은 다양한 발음을 듣고, 영어의 억양과 리듬을 이해하면서 자신만의 발음 교정 연습을 진행할 수 있습니다. 비슷한 주제의 토론을 통해 말하기 실력을 향상시키는 데 큰 도움이 될 것입니다. 이 강의를 통해 여러분은 효과적인 shadowing 기법을 익히고, IELTS 스피킹에서의 자신감을 높일 수 있습니다.
주요 어휘 및 구문
- 거미 공포증 (Arachnophobia) - 거미에 대한 비이성적인 두려움
- 무해한 (Harmless) - 직접적인 위협이 없는, 해가 없는
- 유전적 요인 (Genetic trait) - 유전적으로 물려받는 특성
- 본능적인 (Instinctive) - 무의식적으로 하는 행동
- 진화 (Evolution) - 생물체의 변화 과정
- 여성 (Women) - 거미 공포증을 더 많이 경험하는 성별
- 어린이 (Children) - 두려움을 배우는 주요 대상
- 조사 연구 (Study) - 사안에 대한 연구나 실험
연습 팁
비디오의 속도와 억양을 잘 감지하기 위해서는 shadow speak 기법을 활용하는 것이 좋습니다. 비디오는 다소 빠르게 진행되므로, 처음에는 천천히 따라 해보는 것이 도움이 될 것입니다. 한 문장을 듣고, 잠시 멈춘 뒤에 자신의 발음으로 따라 해 보세요. 이때, 거미 공포증과 관련된 이야기의 톤과 감정을 느끼며 연습하면 더욱 효과적입니다. 특히, 어휘나 구문이 반복적으로 나타날 때마다 다시 발음해 보는 것은 영어 발음 교정에 많은 도움이 됩니다. 마지막으로 주의 깊게 듣고 따라 할 때, 각 문장의 들어간 감정과 분위기를 느낀다면 shadow speech 연습이 더 잘 이루어질 것입니다. 발음과 억양이 자연스러워질 때까지 연습해 보세요!
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | has been · you've spotted · has stayed |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | was carried · were shown · was repeated |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | those who are · those who were |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.