Shadowing Practice: Atoms | Middle school chemistry | Khan Academy - Learn English Speaking with Video
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You're walking on the street and suddenly you find a piece of gold.
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You pick it up and you get super curious.
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You have a lot of questions in your mind.
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One of the questions is, what happens if you were to break it?
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I mean, surely you can't break it with your own hands, but hey, when has that stopped you from imagining things, right?
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So what happens if you break this?
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Well, you get.. two pieces of gold.
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And then you wonder, well, what if you break it even further?
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you get even more smaller pieces.
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And what if we break it even further?
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We get even more smaller pieces.
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And now you start wondering, He Can I keep doing that?
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Can I keep breaking this piece of gold forever?
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That's what we're gonna talk about in this video.
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This was the question that many ancient philosophers from India, Greece, Rome, and probably many more pondered upon.
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They wondered, if you take any element, remember what elements are?
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These are the hundred, roughly about a hundred, building blocks that make up all the matter in the universe?
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Yeah, gold is an example of them, okay?
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So they wondered, if you take any element, could you keep breaking them down forever?
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And a lot of them thought that maybe the answer is no. Maybe you can't keep breaking it forever.
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Maybe eventually you will get one last, smallest piece of that element.
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A smallest piece of gold, for example, which you cannot break any further.
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A lot of people believed in this idea.
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And the Greeks actually named this smallest piece the atom.
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The word atom literally means uncuttable.
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because they believe that you cannot break this even more.
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Now, for a long time, many people didn't believe in this idea.
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So for centuries, the idea of atom was suppressed.
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until it was revived back by scientists like John Dalton.
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And today we have plenty of evidence that they do exist.
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So, What exactly are atoms?
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Well, think of atoms as the smallest piece of an element that has all the properties of that element.
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It is literally the building block of the element itself.
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For example, What's a gold atom?
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Gold atoms are the smallest pieces of gold, which has all the properties of gold.
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They're the building blocks of gold.
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What's a carbon atom?
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Well, they're the smallest pieces of carbon.
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They're the building blocks of carbon.
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They have all the properties of carbon.
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And just to give you another example, what's mercury atom?
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They're the smallest pieces of mercury.
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They have all the properties of the element mercury, and so on and so forth.
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Now, one question you could be having is, do atoms look like tiny balls?
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And the answer is no, it's just a representation.
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In reality, atoms are so incredibly tiny, we can't even see them with microscopes.
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So how tiny are they, you ask?
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Well, their size is incredibly hard to comprehend.
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So here's a way to think about it.
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How many gold atoms do you think you'll find in a gold ring?
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Typical gold ring.
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Well, it's not millions, not billions, it's sextillions!
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That's one followed by 21 zeros!
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That many atoms you'll probably find in a gold ring.
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And just to get a sense of this number, scientists estimate that that is roughly about the total number of stars in the observable universe.
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Let that sink in.
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That's how small atoms are.
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So long story short, almost all the matter in the universe, from the microbes to dogs and cats to mountains to planets and stars and almost everything that you see in this universe,
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they're all fundamentally made of elements.
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These are the building blocks of all the matter in the universe.
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We have about a hundred of them.
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But what are elements fundamentally made of?
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Elements like gold or any other element for that matter, they are fundamentally made of atoms.
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They are the smallest pieces of the elements, the building blocks of the elements that contain all the properties of the universe of that element.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Las palabras que más se repiten: atom, element, gold, piece, smallest. Este vídeo tiene 64 frases y 687 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:06. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 168 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 86 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar. 19 de sus 64 frases son preguntas, así que sirve para practicar la entonación de las preguntas y las respuestas cortas.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 14 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| atom sustantivo | /ˈætəm/ | átomo |
| fundamentally adverbio | fundamentalmente | |
| mercury sustantivo | /ˈmɜɹkjəɹi/ | mercurio, azogue |
| scientist sustantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | científico, científica |
| microbe sustantivo | /ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/ | microbio |
| observable adjetivo | /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/ | observable |
| ponder verbo | /ˈpɑn.dəɹ/ | considerar, meditar |
| microscope sustantivo | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | microscopio |
| suppress verbo | /səˈpɹɛs/ | suprimir |
| revive verbo | /ɹɪˈvaɪ̯v/ | revivir |
| comprehend verbo | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ | comprender, comprehender |
| philosopher sustantivo | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | filósofo, filósofa |
| sink verbo | /ˈsɪŋk/ | hundir, afondar |
| estimate sustantivo | /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ | presupuesto, estimación |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | reponer, suplir |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- Can I keep breaking this piece of gold forever?
- That's what we're gonna talk about in this video.
- They wondered, if you take any element, remember what elements are?
- Maybe you can't keep breaking it forever.
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | was suppressed · was revived · are fundamentally made |
| Superlativos the -est / the most … — lo más alto o lo más bajo de un grupo | the smallest |
| Verbo + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — verbos seguidos de la forma en -ing | start wondering · keep breaking |
| Futuro con “will” will + verbo — una decisión, una promesa o una predicción | will get · you'll find · you'll probably find |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 14 contracciones y formas reducidas, como they're, can't, you'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, revive /ɹɪˈvaɪ̯v/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como atom, fundamentally, mercury.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.