Pratique du Shadowing: Atoms | Middle school chemistry | Khan Academy - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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64 phrases
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You're walking on the street and suddenly you find a piece of gold.
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You pick it up and you get super curious.
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You have a lot of questions in your mind.
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One of the questions is, what happens if you were to break it?
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I mean, surely you can't break it with your own hands, but hey, when has that stopped you from imagining things, right?
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So what happens if you break this?
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Well, you get.. two pieces of gold.
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And then you wonder, well, what if you break it even further?
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you get even more smaller pieces.
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And what if we break it even further?
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We get even more smaller pieces.
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And now you start wondering, He Can I keep doing that?
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Can I keep breaking this piece of gold forever?
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That's what we're gonna talk about in this video.
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This was the question that many ancient philosophers from India, Greece, Rome, and probably many more pondered upon.
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They wondered, if you take any element, remember what elements are?
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These are the hundred, roughly about a hundred, building blocks that make up all the matter in the universe?
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Yeah, gold is an example of them, okay?
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So they wondered, if you take any element, could you keep breaking them down forever?
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And a lot of them thought that maybe the answer is no. Maybe you can't keep breaking it forever.
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Maybe eventually you will get one last, smallest piece of that element.
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A smallest piece of gold, for example, which you cannot break any further.
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A lot of people believed in this idea.
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And the Greeks actually named this smallest piece the atom.
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The word atom literally means uncuttable.
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because they believe that you cannot break this even more.
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Now, for a long time, many people didn't believe in this idea.
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So for centuries, the idea of atom was suppressed.
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until it was revived back by scientists like John Dalton.
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And today we have plenty of evidence that they do exist.
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So, What exactly are atoms?
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Well, think of atoms as the smallest piece of an element that has all the properties of that element.
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It is literally the building block of the element itself.
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For example, What's a gold atom?
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Gold atoms are the smallest pieces of gold, which has all the properties of gold.
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They're the building blocks of gold.
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What's a carbon atom?
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Well, they're the smallest pieces of carbon.
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They're the building blocks of carbon.
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They have all the properties of carbon.
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And just to give you another example, what's mercury atom?
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They're the smallest pieces of mercury.
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They have all the properties of the element mercury, and so on and so forth.
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Now, one question you could be having is, do atoms look like tiny balls?
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And the answer is no, it's just a representation.
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In reality, atoms are so incredibly tiny, we can't even see them with microscopes.
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So how tiny are they, you ask?
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Well, their size is incredibly hard to comprehend.
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So here's a way to think about it.
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How many gold atoms do you think you'll find in a gold ring?
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Typical gold ring.
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Well, it's not millions, not billions, it's sextillions!
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That's one followed by 21 zeros!
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That many atoms you'll probably find in a gold ring.
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And just to get a sense of this number, scientists estimate that that is roughly about the total number of stars in the observable universe.
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Let that sink in.
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That's how small atoms are.
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So long story short, almost all the matter in the universe, from the microbes to dogs and cats to mountains to planets and stars and almost everything that you see in this universe,
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they're all fundamentally made of elements.
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These are the building blocks of all the matter in the universe.
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We have about a hundred of them.
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But what are elements fundamentally made of?
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Elements like gold or any other element for that matter, they are fundamentally made of atoms.
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They are the smallest pieces of the elements, the building blocks of the elements that contain all the properties of the universe of that element.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : atom, element, gold, piece, smallest. Cette vidéo contient 64 phrases et 687 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:06. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 168 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 86 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer. 19 de ses 64 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 12 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| atom nom | /ˈætəm/ | atome |
| fundamentally adverbe | fondamentalement, foncièrement | |
| mercury nom | /ˈmɜɹkjəɹi/ | mercure, vif-argent |
| scientist nom | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | scientifique, savant |
| microbe nom | /ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/ | microbe |
| observable adjectif | /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/ | observable |
| ponder verbe | /ˈpɑn.dəɹ/ | songer, réfléchir |
| microscope nom | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | microscope |
| comprehend verbe | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ | comprendre |
| philosopher nom | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | philosophe |
| sink verbe | /ˈsɪŋk/ | couler, s'enfoncer |
| estimate nom | /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ | estimation |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbe | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | constituer, composer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Can I keep breaking this piece of gold forever?
- That's what we're gonna talk about in this video.
- They wondered, if you take any element, remember what elements are?
- Maybe you can't keep breaking it forever.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | was suppressed · was revived · are fundamentally made |
| Superlatifs the -est / the most … — le plus haut ou le plus bas d’un groupe | the smallest |
| Verbe + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — les verbes suivis de la forme en -ing | start wondering · keep breaking |
| Futur avec « will » will + verbe — une décision, une promesse ou une prédiction | will get · you'll find · you'll probably find |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 14 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, can't, you'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: mercury /ˈmɜɹkjəɹi/, microbe /ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/, ponder /ˈpɑn.dəɹ/, microscope /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/, suppress /səˈpɹɛs/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme atom, fundamentally, mercury.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.