Prática de Shadowing: Atoms | Middle school chemistry | Khan Academy - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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You're walking on the street and suddenly you find a piece of gold.
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You pick it up and you get super curious.
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You have a lot of questions in your mind.
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One of the questions is, what happens if you were to break it?
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I mean, surely you can't break it with your own hands, but hey, when has that stopped you from imagining things, right?
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So what happens if you break this?
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Well, you get.. two pieces of gold.
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And then you wonder, well, what if you break it even further?
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you get even more smaller pieces.
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And what if we break it even further?
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We get even more smaller pieces.
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And now you start wondering, He Can I keep doing that?
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Can I keep breaking this piece of gold forever?
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That's what we're gonna talk about in this video.
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This was the question that many ancient philosophers from India, Greece, Rome, and probably many more pondered upon.
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They wondered, if you take any element, remember what elements are?
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These are the hundred, roughly about a hundred, building blocks that make up all the matter in the universe?
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Yeah, gold is an example of them, okay?
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So they wondered, if you take any element, could you keep breaking them down forever?
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And a lot of them thought that maybe the answer is no. Maybe you can't keep breaking it forever.
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Maybe eventually you will get one last, smallest piece of that element.
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A smallest piece of gold, for example, which you cannot break any further.
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A lot of people believed in this idea.
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And the Greeks actually named this smallest piece the atom.
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The word atom literally means uncuttable.
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because they believe that you cannot break this even more.
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Now, for a long time, many people didn't believe in this idea.
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So for centuries, the idea of atom was suppressed.
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until it was revived back by scientists like John Dalton.
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And today we have plenty of evidence that they do exist.
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So, What exactly are atoms?
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Well, think of atoms as the smallest piece of an element that has all the properties of that element.
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It is literally the building block of the element itself.
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For example, What's a gold atom?
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Gold atoms are the smallest pieces of gold, which has all the properties of gold.
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They're the building blocks of gold.
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What's a carbon atom?
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Well, they're the smallest pieces of carbon.
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They're the building blocks of carbon.
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They have all the properties of carbon.
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And just to give you another example, what's mercury atom?
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They're the smallest pieces of mercury.
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They have all the properties of the element mercury, and so on and so forth.
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Now, one question you could be having is, do atoms look like tiny balls?
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And the answer is no, it's just a representation.
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In reality, atoms are so incredibly tiny, we can't even see them with microscopes.
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So how tiny are they, you ask?
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Well, their size is incredibly hard to comprehend.
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So here's a way to think about it.
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How many gold atoms do you think you'll find in a gold ring?
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Typical gold ring.
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Well, it's not millions, not billions, it's sextillions!
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That's one followed by 21 zeros!
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That many atoms you'll probably find in a gold ring.
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And just to get a sense of this number, scientists estimate that that is roughly about the total number of stars in the observable universe.
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Let that sink in.
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That's how small atoms are.
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So long story short, almost all the matter in the universe, from the microbes to dogs and cats to mountains to planets and stars and almost everything that you see in this universe,
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they're all fundamentally made of elements.
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These are the building blocks of all the matter in the universe.
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We have about a hundred of them.
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But what are elements fundamentally made of?
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Elements like gold or any other element for that matter, they are fundamentally made of atoms.
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They are the smallest pieces of the elements, the building blocks of the elements that contain all the properties of the universe of that element.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
As palavras que mais se repetem: atom, element, gold, piece, smallest. Este vídeo tem 64 frases e 687 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:06. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 168 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 86% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar. 19 das 64 frases são perguntas, por isso é um bom treino para a entonação de perguntas e respostas curtas.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 13 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| atom substantivo | /ˈætəm/ | átomo |
| mercury substantivo | /ˈmɜɹkjəɹi/ | mercúrio, azougue |
| scientist substantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | cientista |
| microbe substantivo | /ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/ | micróbio |
| observable adjetivo | /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/ | observável |
| ponder verbo | /ˈpɑn.dəɹ/ | ponderar |
| microscope substantivo | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | microscópio |
| suppress verbo | /səˈpɹɛs/ | suprimir |
| revive verbo | /ɹɪˈvaɪ̯v/ | reavivar, reanimar |
| comprehend verbo | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ | compreender |
| philosopher substantivo | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | filósofo, filósofa |
| sink verbo | /ˈsɪŋk/ | afundar, submergir |
| estimate substantivo | /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ | estimativa, cálculo |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | compensar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- Can I keep breaking this piece of gold forever?
- That's what we're gonna talk about in this video.
- They wondered, if you take any element, remember what elements are?
- Maybe you can't keep breaking it forever.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | was suppressed · was revived |
| Superlativos the -est / the most … — o maior ou o menor de um grupo | the smallest |
| Verbo + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — verbos seguidos da forma em -ing | start wondering · keep breaking |
| Futuro com “will” will + verbo — uma decisão, promessa ou previsão | will get · you'll find · you'll probably find |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 14 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, can't, you'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/, philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/, microbe /ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/, microscope /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/, comprehend /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/, sink /ˈsɪŋk/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como atom, mercury, scientist.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.