Prática de Shadowing: Elements | Middle school chemistry | Khan Academy - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Think about all the thousands of books and poems and articles and dictionaries and encyclopedias and textbooks and so much more.
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All those English writings are fundamentally made of what?
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26 letters.
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And yeah, some spaces, but that's it.
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These 26 letters forms the building block of almost every single thing, all the uncountable words and sentences that you can make.
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Now, guess what?
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Turns out, our nature is similar.
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Almost everything that you can touch and taste and smell
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and feel around you from the germs to microbes to stuff like cats
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and dogs to oceans and mountains and even planets and stars.
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Turns out, All of these are also made from just a few building blocks, about a hundred of them.
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Each square over here represents a building block, and we'll talk a little bit about how we arrange them and stuff.
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But these building blocks are called the elements.
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And that's what we're going to talk about in this video.
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So let's do that.
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First of all, these elements, the building blocks, are also called pure substances.
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And like I said earlier, they make up almost all the matter around us.
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hydrogen and oxygen and consider any living being like yourself then you are mostly made of six Elements.
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Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus.
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I mean, there are other elements, but these mostly make it up.
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And just to give you another example, if you consider any rock, then they're mostly made of five elements: Silicon,
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Oxygen, Aluminium, Magnesium, and Iron.
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Don't worry about remembering the names of these elements for now.
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What's important, and I keep repeating because it's so important, is that almost all the matter in the universe is made from these elements.
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So to study matter, we need to study these elements.
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So let's do that.
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We arrange these elements in this particular form and we call this the periodic table.
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It might seem daunting at first, but let's look at it, okay?
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So first of all, you can see that each element gets a square and a number.
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So, element number one is hydrogen.
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Element number two is over here, helium.
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Element number three is lithium.
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Element number four is beryllium and so on and so forth.
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What we want to notice over here is that each element has a symbol, kind of an abbreviation.
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Now for some elements, that's basically the first letter of the word, H for hydrogen.
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B for boron, C for carbon, N for nitrogen, and so on and so forth.
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And notice we always use capital letters.
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But what about other elements which start with the same letter?
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For example, helium.
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How do we ensure we don't confuse it with hydrogen?
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Well, we use first two letters, so HE.
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Similarly, for calcium, to make sure we don't confuse it with carbon, we use the first two letters, CA, and so on and so forth.
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But what's important again over here is to notice how we write that.
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the first letter is capital over here, the second letter is small.
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So we'll never write helium this way, where both are capital, and we'll never write it this way, where both are small.
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We'll always write it as first letter capital, second letter small, and that's always the case.
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Alright, these make sense, but what about sodium?
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Sodium is Na, what's going on over here?
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And then there's more such stuff.
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So for example, gold is Au.
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Tungsten, which is used in the filament of our bulbs, is W.
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And lead is PB, what's going on over here?
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Well, humanity has known about these elements for a long time now.
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And some of these symbols are taken from the old names from different languages like Greek, Latin, Arabic, German, and so on.
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Na stands for natrium, a Latin word for sodium.
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AU comes from Aurum.
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PB comes from Plumbum, the Latin word for lead.
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Fun fact, earlier pipes in the Roman Empire were made from lead
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and therefore people who used to fix those pipes were called Plumbers and the name is stuck today.
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And W comes from the German Wolfram.
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Now again, you might be thinking, "Oh my god, how am I supposed to remember all of this?" Don't worry, we don't have to do that.
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As we start talking about some of the common elements over and over again, we'll start So, in summary, all the matter that you see,
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almost everything in the universe is made of a few, about a hundred elements, which we also call the pure substances.
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They're arranged this way in what we call the periodic table.
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And just like how learning the English language is basically figuring
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out how we can combine these different letters to form very interesting words and sentences,
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the trick to learning about matter is learning how we can combine these different elements to form interesting new things.
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before?
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Well, imagine we had a hundred different kinds of Legos with us.
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Then by combining them in different combinations, you can build up almost anything you want.
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And now you can imagine some of these Lego structures are like mountains and others are like cats.
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And we can build whatever we want.
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We can let our imagination lose over here, which is pretty awesome.
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But if you break them all down into their basic pieces, you get back your elements.
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Sobre Esta Lição
Nesta lição, você irá explorar o fascinante mundo dos elementos químicos e como eles se relacionam com a matéria ao nosso redor. Além de aprender sobre a tabela periódica, você praticará a escuta e a repetição de pronúncias através do shadow speak, essencial para melhorar a pronunciacão em inglês. Ao final, você não só entenderá os conceitos básicos de química, mas também terá mais confiança ao falar em inglês.
Vocabulário e Frases Chave
- Elementos - Os blocos de construção da matéria.
- Substâncias puras - Outro nome para os elementos.
- Tabela periódica - A arrumação dos elementos químicos.
- Hidrogênio - O elemento químico mais leve e o primeiro da tabela.
- Simbolismo - As abreviações que representam cada elemento.
- Carbono - Um dos seis elementos essenciais que compõem os seres vivos.
- Capitalização - A forma correta de escrever os símbolos dos elementos.
- Pronúncia - A maneira correta de dizer os nomes dos elementos.
Dicas de Prática
Para maximizar sua aprendizagem com este vídeo, recomendo que você utilize a técnica de shadowing em inglês. Ouça atentamente cada frase e, em seguida, repita imediatamente após o falante, imitando a entonação e o ritmo. O vídeo pode apresentar velocidades variadas, mas não se preocupe! Se você achar uma parte difícil, pause e ouça novamente enquanto tenta acompanhar. Isso o ajudará a melhorar a pronúncia em inglês e a fortalecer sua habilidade de conversação.
Além disso, preste atenção aos símbolos dos elementos e como são escritos. Pratique olhar para a tabela periódica e pronunciar os nomes corretamente, usando o shadow speak para registrar a diferença entre a escrita e a pronúncia. Ao fazer isso, você poderá abrir novas portas no seu conhecimento e prática de conversação em inglês.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are also made · are called · are also called |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | Tungsten, which is · people who used · here, which is |
| Possibilidade com “might / may” might/may + verbo — algo possível, mas não certo | might seem · might be |
| Verbo + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — verbos seguidos da forma em -ing | keep repeating · start talking |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.