शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Elements | Middle school chemistry | Khan Academy - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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Think about all the thousands of books and poems and articles and dictionaries and encyclopedias and textbooks and so much more.
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All those English writings are fundamentally made of what?
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26 letters.
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And yeah, some spaces, but that's it.
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These 26 letters forms the building block of almost every single thing, all the uncountable words and sentences that you can make.
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Now, guess what?
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Turns out, our nature is similar.
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Almost everything that you can touch and taste and smell
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and feel around you from the germs to microbes to stuff like cats
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and dogs to oceans and mountains and even planets and stars.
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Turns out, All of these are also made from just a few building blocks, about a hundred of them.
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Each square over here represents a building block, and we'll talk a little bit about how we arrange them and stuff.
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But these building blocks are called the elements.
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And that's what we're going to talk about in this video.
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So let's do that.
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First of all, these elements, the building blocks, are also called pure substances.
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And like I said earlier, they make up almost all the matter around us.
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hydrogen and oxygen and consider any living being like yourself then you are mostly made of six Elements.
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Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus.
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I mean, there are other elements, but these mostly make it up.
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And just to give you another example, if you consider any rock, then they're mostly made of five elements: Silicon,
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Oxygen, Aluminium, Magnesium, and Iron.
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Don't worry about remembering the names of these elements for now.
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What's important, and I keep repeating because it's so important, is that almost all the matter in the universe is made from these elements.
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So to study matter, we need to study these elements.
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So let's do that.
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We arrange these elements in this particular form and we call this the periodic table.
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It might seem daunting at first, but let's look at it, okay?
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So first of all, you can see that each element gets a square and a number.
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So, element number one is hydrogen.
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Element number two is over here, helium.
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Element number three is lithium.
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Element number four is beryllium and so on and so forth.
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What we want to notice over here is that each element has a symbol, kind of an abbreviation.
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Now for some elements, that's basically the first letter of the word, H for hydrogen.
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B for boron, C for carbon, N for nitrogen, and so on and so forth.
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And notice we always use capital letters.
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But what about other elements which start with the same letter?
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For example, helium.
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How do we ensure we don't confuse it with hydrogen?
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Well, we use first two letters, so HE.
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Similarly, for calcium, to make sure we don't confuse it with carbon, we use the first two letters, CA, and so on and so forth.
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But what's important again over here is to notice how we write that.
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the first letter is capital over here, the second letter is small.
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So we'll never write helium this way, where both are capital, and we'll never write it this way, where both are small.
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We'll always write it as first letter capital, second letter small, and that's always the case.
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Alright, these make sense, but what about sodium?
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Sodium is Na, what's going on over here?
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And then there's more such stuff.
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So for example, gold is Au.
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Tungsten, which is used in the filament of our bulbs, is W.
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And lead is PB, what's going on over here?
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Well, humanity has known about these elements for a long time now.
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And some of these symbols are taken from the old names from different languages like Greek, Latin, Arabic, German, and so on.
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Na stands for natrium, a Latin word for sodium.
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AU comes from Aurum.
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PB comes from Plumbum, the Latin word for lead.
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Fun fact, earlier pipes in the Roman Empire were made from lead
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and therefore people who used to fix those pipes were called Plumbers and the name is stuck today.
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And W comes from the German Wolfram.
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Now again, you might be thinking, "Oh my god, how am I supposed to remember all of this?" Don't worry, we don't have to do that.
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As we start talking about some of the common elements over and over again, we'll start So, in summary, all the matter that you see,
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almost everything in the universe is made of a few, about a hundred elements, which we also call the pure substances.
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They're arranged this way in what we call the periodic table.
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And just like how learning the English language is basically figuring
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out how we can combine these different letters to form very interesting words and sentences,
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the trick to learning about matter is learning how we can combine these different elements to form interesting new things.
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before?
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Well, imagine we had a hundred different kinds of Legos with us.
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Then by combining them in different combinations, you can build up almost anything you want.
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And now you can imagine some of these Lego structures are like mountains and others are like cats.
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And we can build whatever we want.
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We can let our imagination lose over here, which is pretty awesome.
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But if you break them all down into their basic pieces, you get back your elements.
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इस वीडियो के साथ बात करने का अभ्यास क्यों करें?
इस वीडियो में तत्वों के बारे में चर्चा की गई है, जो हमें विज्ञान के महत्वपूर्ण पहलुओं को समझने में मदद करते हैं। जब आप वीडियो को सुनते हैं और बोलने का अभ्यास करते हैं, तो आप न केवल अपनी अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार करते हैं, बल्कि अपने ज्ञान को भी बढ़ाते हैं। इस प्रक्रिया में अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग तकनीक का उपयोग करके, आप सही उच्चारण और लहजे को सीख सकते हैं। वीडियो में सरल और स्पष्ट शब्दों का उपयोग किया गया है, जो भाषा के अध्ययन को प्रोत्साहित करता है।
व्याकरण और अभिव्यक्तियाँ संदर्भ में
इस वीडियो में कुछ महत्वपूर्ण वाक्य संरचनाएँ प्रदान की गई हैं जो अंग्रेजी बोलने के दौरान सहायक हो सकती हैं:
- संख्याएँ और तत्व: "Element number one is hydrogen." इस वाक्य में हमें बताया गया है कि किसी तत्व की पहचान संख्या द्वारा होती है।
- तत्वों के प्रति माप: "These building blocks are called the elements." यह वाक्य हमें बताता है कि तत्वों को कैसे परिभाषित किया जाता है।
- संक्षिप्त नाम: "H for hydrogen, He for helium." यह अभिव्यक्ति हमें संक्षिप्त नामों को सही तरीके से प्रस्तुत करना सिखाती है।
- संरचना प्रस्तुति: "We arrange these elements in this particular form." इस वाक्य में तत्वों के संगठन के बारे में चर्चा की जाती है।
इन संरचनाओं का अभ्यास करते हुए, आप अपनी बोलचाल में सुधार लाने के लिए उपयुक्त अभिव्यक्तियाँ सीख सकते हैं, जो गृहणियों और छात्रों को अंग्रेजी में संवाद करने में मदद करेंगी।
सामान्य उच्चारण के जाल
वीडियो में कुछ ऐसे शब्द हैं जो उच्चारण के लिए चुनौतीपूर्ण हो सकते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए:
- हाइड्रोजन (Hydrogen): इसका सही उच्चारण सीखें, ताकि आप इसे शब्दों में ठीक से उपयोग कर सकें।
- हीलियम (Helium): इसे सही ढंग से बोलने के लिए इसे बार-बार सुनें और बोलें।
- सोडियम (Sodium): इसका संक्षिप्त नाम Na है, जिसका उच्चारण सही तरीके से समझना महत्वपूर्ण है।
इन शब्दों के सही उच्चारण का अभ्यास करते हुए, आप shadow speech तकनीक का उपयोग कर सकते हैं। यह आपको लहजे और उच्चारण में सुधार करने का अवसर देती है। अपनी अंग्रेजी बोलने की क्षमता को बढ़ाने के लिए नियमित रूप से shadowspeaks का उपयोग करें।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | are also made · are called · are also called |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | Tungsten, which is · people who used · here, which is |
| “might / may” से संभावना might/may + क्रिया — जो हो सकता है पर पक्का नहीं | might seem · might be |
| क्रिया + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — वे क्रियाएँ जिनके बाद -ing रूप आता है | keep repeating · start talking |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।