Практика Shadowing: Elements | Middle school chemistry | Khan Academy - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Think about all the thousands of books and poems and articles and dictionaries and encyclopedias and textbooks and so much more.
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All those English writings are fundamentally made of what?
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26 letters.
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And yeah, some spaces, but that's it.
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These 26 letters forms the building block of almost every single thing, all the uncountable words and sentences that you can make.
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Now, guess what?
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Turns out, our nature is similar.
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Almost everything that you can touch and taste and smell
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and feel around you from the germs to microbes to stuff like cats
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and dogs to oceans and mountains and even planets and stars.
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Turns out, All of these are also made from just a few building blocks, about a hundred of them.
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Each square over here represents a building block, and we'll talk a little bit about how we arrange them and stuff.
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But these building blocks are called the elements.
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And that's what we're going to talk about in this video.
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So let's do that.
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First of all, these elements, the building blocks, are also called pure substances.
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And like I said earlier, they make up almost all the matter around us.
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hydrogen and oxygen and consider any living being like yourself then you are mostly made of six Elements.
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Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus.
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I mean, there are other elements, but these mostly make it up.
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And just to give you another example, if you consider any rock, then they're mostly made of five elements: Silicon,
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Oxygen, Aluminium, Magnesium, and Iron.
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Don't worry about remembering the names of these elements for now.
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What's important, and I keep repeating because it's so important, is that almost all the matter in the universe is made from these elements.
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So to study matter, we need to study these elements.
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So let's do that.
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We arrange these elements in this particular form and we call this the periodic table.
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It might seem daunting at first, but let's look at it, okay?
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So first of all, you can see that each element gets a square and a number.
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So, element number one is hydrogen.
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Element number two is over here, helium.
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Element number three is lithium.
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Element number four is beryllium and so on and so forth.
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What we want to notice over here is that each element has a symbol, kind of an abbreviation.
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Now for some elements, that's basically the first letter of the word, H for hydrogen.
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B for boron, C for carbon, N for nitrogen, and so on and so forth.
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And notice we always use capital letters.
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But what about other elements which start with the same letter?
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For example, helium.
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How do we ensure we don't confuse it with hydrogen?
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Well, we use first two letters, so HE.
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Similarly, for calcium, to make sure we don't confuse it with carbon, we use the first two letters, CA, and so on and so forth.
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But what's important again over here is to notice how we write that.
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the first letter is capital over here, the second letter is small.
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So we'll never write helium this way, where both are capital, and we'll never write it this way, where both are small.
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We'll always write it as first letter capital, second letter small, and that's always the case.
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Alright, these make sense, but what about sodium?
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Sodium is Na, what's going on over here?
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And then there's more such stuff.
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So for example, gold is Au.
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Tungsten, which is used in the filament of our bulbs, is W.
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And lead is PB, what's going on over here?
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Well, humanity has known about these elements for a long time now.
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And some of these symbols are taken from the old names from different languages like Greek, Latin, Arabic, German, and so on.
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Na stands for natrium, a Latin word for sodium.
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AU comes from Aurum.
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PB comes from Plumbum, the Latin word for lead.
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Fun fact, earlier pipes in the Roman Empire were made from lead
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and therefore people who used to fix those pipes were called Plumbers and the name is stuck today.
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And W comes from the German Wolfram.
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Now again, you might be thinking, "Oh my god, how am I supposed to remember all of this?" Don't worry, we don't have to do that.
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As we start talking about some of the common elements over and over again, we'll start So, in summary, all the matter that you see,
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almost everything in the universe is made of a few, about a hundred elements, which we also call the pure substances.
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They're arranged this way in what we call the periodic table.
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And just like how learning the English language is basically figuring
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out how we can combine these different letters to form very interesting words and sentences,
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the trick to learning about matter is learning how we can combine these different elements to form interesting new things.
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before?
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Well, imagine we had a hundred different kinds of Legos with us.
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Then by combining them in different combinations, you can build up almost anything you want.
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And now you can imagine some of these Lego structures are like mountains and others are like cats.
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And we can build whatever we want.
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We can let our imagination lose over here, which is pretty awesome.
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But if you break them all down into their basic pieces, you get back your elements.
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Почему стоит практиковать разговорную речь с этим видео?
Изучение английского языка может быть увлекательным и познавательным, и это видео о химических элементах предоставляет отличную возможность для практики разговорной речи. Обсуждение элементов и их роли в нашей жизни не только расширяет словарный запас, но и даёт возможность изучить научную терминологию. Когда вы работаете над улучшением произношения английского, используйте метод shadow speak: разговаривайте с видеозаписью, повторяя за говорящим. Это помогает развивать уверенность в себе и улучшать произношение английского, делая ваше изучение более интерактивным.
Грамматика и выражения в контексте
В этом видео используются несколько ключевых структур, которые полезно анализировать:
- ПростыеPresent Tense: Говорящий много использует простое настоящее время, например, «everything is made from...», что подчеркивает общепринятые факты.
- Настоящее простое в вопросах: Формулировки вроде «What about sodium?» помогают развивать навыки задавать вопросы и вовлекать собеседника в беседу.
- Модальные глаголы: Использование «should» в контексте дает рекомендации, например: «We need to study these elements», что может быть полезно для изучения способов выражения советов и обязательств.
Распространенные ловушки произношения
Практикуя произношение, важно обращать внимание на сложные слова и акценты. В видео есть несколько слов, которые могут вызвать трудности:
- Hydrogen (водород): стоит обратить внимание на правильное произношение начала слова, которое может быть сложно для носителей других языков.
- Helium (гелий): чёткое произношение второго слога также очень важно для понимания.
- Sodium (натрий): сочетается с необычным написанием «Na», что может сбить с толку; попробуйте произносить его несколько раз, чтобы привыкнуть к звучанию.
- Aluminium (алюминий): важно знать, как правильно ставить ударение в этом слове, так как оно может произноситься по-разному в разных диалектах.
Практикуя shadowing с этим видео, вы можете улучшить произношение английского языка и чувствовать себя более уверенно при разговоре. Используйте ресурсы для shadowing site, чтобы находить подобные видео и улучшать свои навыки.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are also made · are called · are also called |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | Tungsten, which is · people who used · here, which is |
| Вероятность с «might / may» might/may + глагол — возможно, но не точно | might seem · might be |
| Глагол + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — глаголы, после которых идёт форма на -ing | keep repeating · start talking |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.