تدريب Shadowing: Elements | Middle school chemistry | Khan Academy - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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Think about all the thousands of books and poems and articles and dictionaries and encyclopedias and textbooks and so much more.
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All those English writings are fundamentally made of what?
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26 letters.
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And yeah, some spaces, but that's it.
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These 26 letters forms the building block of almost every single thing, all the uncountable words and sentences that you can make.
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Now, guess what?
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Turns out, our nature is similar.
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Almost everything that you can touch and taste and smell
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and feel around you from the germs to microbes to stuff like cats
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and dogs to oceans and mountains and even planets and stars.
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Turns out, All of these are also made from just a few building blocks, about a hundred of them.
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Each square over here represents a building block, and we'll talk a little bit about how we arrange them and stuff.
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But these building blocks are called the elements.
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And that's what we're going to talk about in this video.
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So let's do that.
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First of all, these elements, the building blocks, are also called pure substances.
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And like I said earlier, they make up almost all the matter around us.
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hydrogen and oxygen and consider any living being like yourself then you are mostly made of six Elements.
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Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus.
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I mean, there are other elements, but these mostly make it up.
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And just to give you another example, if you consider any rock, then they're mostly made of five elements: Silicon,
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Oxygen, Aluminium, Magnesium, and Iron.
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Don't worry about remembering the names of these elements for now.
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What's important, and I keep repeating because it's so important, is that almost all the matter in the universe is made from these elements.
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So to study matter, we need to study these elements.
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So let's do that.
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We arrange these elements in this particular form and we call this the periodic table.
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It might seem daunting at first, but let's look at it, okay?
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So first of all, you can see that each element gets a square and a number.
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So, element number one is hydrogen.
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Element number two is over here, helium.
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Element number three is lithium.
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Element number four is beryllium and so on and so forth.
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What we want to notice over here is that each element has a symbol, kind of an abbreviation.
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Now for some elements, that's basically the first letter of the word, H for hydrogen.
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B for boron, C for carbon, N for nitrogen, and so on and so forth.
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And notice we always use capital letters.
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But what about other elements which start with the same letter?
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For example, helium.
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How do we ensure we don't confuse it with hydrogen?
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Well, we use first two letters, so HE.
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Similarly, for calcium, to make sure we don't confuse it with carbon, we use the first two letters, CA, and so on and so forth.
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But what's important again over here is to notice how we write that.
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the first letter is capital over here, the second letter is small.
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So we'll never write helium this way, where both are capital, and we'll never write it this way, where both are small.
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We'll always write it as first letter capital, second letter small, and that's always the case.
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Alright, these make sense, but what about sodium?
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Sodium is Na, what's going on over here?
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And then there's more such stuff.
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So for example, gold is Au.
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Tungsten, which is used in the filament of our bulbs, is W.
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And lead is PB, what's going on over here?
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Well, humanity has known about these elements for a long time now.
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And some of these symbols are taken from the old names from different languages like Greek, Latin, Arabic, German, and so on.
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Na stands for natrium, a Latin word for sodium.
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AU comes from Aurum.
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PB comes from Plumbum, the Latin word for lead.
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Fun fact, earlier pipes in the Roman Empire were made from lead
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and therefore people who used to fix those pipes were called Plumbers and the name is stuck today.
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And W comes from the German Wolfram.
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Now again, you might be thinking, "Oh my god, how am I supposed to remember all of this?" Don't worry, we don't have to do that.
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As we start talking about some of the common elements over and over again, we'll start So, in summary, all the matter that you see,
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almost everything in the universe is made of a few, about a hundred elements, which we also call the pure substances.
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They're arranged this way in what we call the periodic table.
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And just like how learning the English language is basically figuring
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out how we can combine these different letters to form very interesting words and sentences,
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the trick to learning about matter is learning how we can combine these different elements to form interesting new things.
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before?
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Well, imagine we had a hundred different kinds of Legos with us.
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Then by combining them in different combinations, you can build up almost anything you want.
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And now you can imagine some of these Lego structures are like mountains and others are like cats.
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And we can build whatever we want.
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We can let our imagination lose over here, which is pretty awesome.
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But if you break them all down into their basic pieces, you get back your elements.
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السياق والخلفية
يعتبر تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية جزءاً مهماً من تعليم العلوم، حيث يتطلب الفهم الجيد للمفاهيم العلمية استيعاب اللغة ومصطلحاتها الخاصة. يتحدث المتحدث في هذا الفيديو عن العناصر الكيميائية وكيف تشكل اللبنات الأساسية لكل ما يحيط بنا. يشير إلى كيفية تنظيم هذه العناصر في الجدول الدوري، مما يسهل فهمها واستخدامها في السياقات العلمية اليومية. وفي هذا الصدد، يتوجب على المتعلمين تحسين مهاراتهم في النطق والتواصل باللغة الإنجليزية، لإثراء قدرتهم على المشاركة في المحادثات العلمية والفكرية.
أفضل 5 عبارات للتواصل اليومي
- ما هي العناصر الأساسية؟ - استفسار حول المفاهيم الأساسية في العلوم.
- كيف نستخدم العناصر في الحياة اليومية؟ - سؤال يعكس قدرة المتعلم على ربط المعرفة بالواقع.
- ما هو الجدول الدوري للعناصر؟ - تساؤل مهم لفهم تنظيم المعلومات الكيميائية.
- هل يمكنك توضيح هذا العنصر بشكل أكثر؟ - طريقة لطيفة لطلب مزيد من المعلومات.
- كيف يمكنني تحسين نطقي؟ - سؤال يعبر عن الرغبة في تطوير المهارات اللغوية.
دليل خطوة بخطوة لطريقة التظليل
لتسهيل فهم الفيديو وتطبيق طريقة التظليل في الإنجليزية، يمكن اتباع الخطوات التالية:
- استمع جيداً: تابع الفيديو عدة مرات بدون محاولة التحدث. استمع إلى النطق الصحيح وتحديات المتحدثين.
- تكرار ما تسمعه: استخدم shadow speech لتكرار الجمل بعد المتحدث مباشرة. حاول التقرب في النطق والإيقاع.
- تدوين الملاحظات: دوّن المفردات الجديدة أو العبارات التي تثير انتباهك. هذا سيساعدك على مراجعتها لاحقاً.
- الممارسة مع المادة: استخدم العبارات التي تعلمتها أثناء تفاعلاتك اليومية. مثلاً، استخدم سؤال "كيف نستخدم العناصر في الحياة اليومية؟" عند مناقشة مواضيع علمية.
- تقييم نفسك: قم بتسجيل صوتك أثناء النطق ومقارنة أدائك بالأصوات الأصلية. استخدم هذا التقييم لتحسين مهاراتك.
باستخدام هذه الخطوات، ستتمكن من تحسين النطق باللغة الإنجليزية وتطوير مهاراتك بصورة فعّالة، مما يسمح لك بأن تكون جزءاً من النقاشات المعرفية العلمية بطريقة أكثر اتقاناً وفهماً.
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | are also made · are called · are also called |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | Tungsten, which is · people who used · here, which is |
| الاحتمال بـ “might / may” might/may + فعل — شيء ممكن لكنه غير مؤكد | might seem · might be |
| فعل + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — أفعال يتبعها الفعل بصيغة -ing | keep repeating · start talking |
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.