Shadowing Practice: El Niño: A global warning | Vietnam Today - Learn English Speaking with Video
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As global temperatures continue to rise,
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attention is once again turning to a familiar climate driver, El Nino.
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El Nino is a natural climate pattern where sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean rise above average.
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It typically occurs every two to seven years and lasts around nine to 12 months.
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During strong events, sea surface temperatures can rise significantly above long-term averages,
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disrupting weather patterns across the globe.
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During El Nino events, trade winds weaken or shift direction,
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allowing warm water to move its world across the Pacific.
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This change can influence weather patterns in many regions around the world.
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And warning from scientists show that climate change is becoming increasingly evident through extreme heat waves,
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droughts and wildfires occurring across many parts of the world.
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As the World Meteorological Organization warns of a possible return of El Nino this year,
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many countries are entering a phase of closer monitoring and preparedness for the rising risk of extreme weather events.
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We warmed the planet by about 1.5 degrees Celsius since the 19th century,
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and that is halfway to the Pliocene.
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And the Pliocene was the period three million years ago.
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India is facing severe heat and water shortages as El Nino drives above-average heatwave days across parts of the country.
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To manage that, we have a range of water tankers,
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which we will use when the need arises.
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We are on alert mode for the rest of the areas.
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Not only in India, countries across the region are also bracing for prolonged heat and drought,
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as El Nino is forecast to strengthen in the coming months.
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In Pakistan, farmers brought their cattle into rivers to cool off amid the scorching heat.
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Because of the heat and to prevent them from fatigue,
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the cows have to be bathed and watered once or twice a day.
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Some areas have already run out of water and only farms with ground water wells can continue operating.
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We are urging farmers not to expend cultivation beyond plant areas.
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And here in Hanoi, even in the morning,
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the heat is still intense.
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The temperature on my phone says it 48 degrees Celsius.
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But honestly, it feels much hotter out here.
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With El Nino expected to return,
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Vietnam also stepping up preparations for more extreme weather To stay prepared,
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we update El Nino forecasts at least once a month using satellite observations
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and climate data from Europe, the U.S and other countries.
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We also provide three to nine month forecasts to help authorities plan for droughts,
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saltwater intrusion and extreme weather.
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As concerns grow over a possible strong El Nino event,
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terms like Mega El Nino,
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Super El Nino, and Godzilla El Nino have appeared increasingly across recent media reports.
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We in WMO don't use the term Super El Nino.
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Our classification goes from weak,
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moderate and strong El Nino, according to the science.
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So what is clear is that the event which is going to happen seems to be an important one.
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Some forecasts for this year suggest temperatures could reach between 2.5 and 3 degrees Celsius above normal.
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The strongest El Nino on record is believed to have occurred in 1877
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when temperatures were above 2.7 degrees Celsius above the average.
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Experts warn it could place growing pressure on the economies and societies across the Asia-Pacific region.
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To better understand these risks,
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we speak with Kharav Rafisura Economic Affairs Officer at the United Nations Economic and Social Commissions for Asia and the Pacific.
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Recently, many media outlets
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and climate forecasts have warned about the possibility of a strong
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el nino in the coming months in your view how could this affect the economies
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and societies across the asia pacific region we know
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that climate the seasonal climate the monsoons are highly sensitive to el nino conditions in asian roughly one third
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or that's about 34 percent of the workforce in asian depends on agriculture so shifts in rainfall as you can imagine,
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can quickly translate into impacts on household incomes,
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food production, and rural livelihoods.
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El Nino shocks don't stay in agriculture.
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It hits growth, livelihoods, and household welfare all at once via food price increase and inflation.
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What we're seeing now is that climate models are broadly converging.
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They all point to a high likelihood of El Nino
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by mid-2026 possibly a strong one but we have to remember
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that at this point the exact intensity is still uncertain we
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will know more in the coming weeks well you mentioned
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that el nino can disrupt rainfall patterns food production livelihoods
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and even dry up inflation across the region for vietnam specifically what impacts could el nino bring So for Vietnam,
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again, history tells us that the biggest concern would be on drought and salinity intrusion,
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particularly in the Mekong Delta,
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which is crucial for rice production and aquaculture.
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But it's not just the Delta.
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In the past El Nino events,
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the central and southern regions of Vietnam have also been hit hard with some of the highest drought risk.
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But again, as I mentioned, history is not destiny.
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Vietnam has a lot of experience dealing with El Niño in the past.
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In the most recent drought events,
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2019 to 2020, the impacts on agriculture have been less severe in Vietnam
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because authorities and farmers took early actions like planting earlier,
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improving irrigation, building embankments and expanding water infrastructure.
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So the risks triggered by El Nino are real,
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but their impacts can also be mitigated with the right actions.
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With the risk of El Nino becoming increasingly clear,
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what should countries in the region do now to prepare better and reduce its impacts?
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So the good news is we have time to act.
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El Niño can be predicted up to six months ahead.
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So first information, governments must actively draw on climate information from their national hydro meteorological services to put contingency plans in place.
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Second is finance.
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Countries need to create this fiscal space to act early,
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not just to respond after the damage is done.
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And finally, institutional coordination.
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Climate impacts cut across sectors and therefore strong coordination across ministries and agencies,
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agriculture, water, energy, finance, and health is critical to make sure
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that actions from policies up to the execution in the field are aligned and timely.
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And finally, my key message is history is not destiny.
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Historical records give us a clear picture of the risk brought about by El Nino and where they will be concentrated,
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who will be the hardest hit.
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But with early and coordinated action,
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we are not doomed to repeat the same outcomes.
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Thank you so much.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “El Niño: A global warning”. Las palabras que más se repiten: nino, across, climate, region, event. Este vídeo tiene 99 frases y 1102 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 8:29. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 130 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| drought sustantivo | /ˈdɹaʊ̯t/ | sequía, seca |
| forecast sustantivo | /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ | pronóstico, vaticinio |
| livelihood sustantivo | /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/ | modus vivendi, manera/forma de ganarse la vida |
| warn verbo | /woɹn/ | alertar, avisar |
| meteorological adjetivo | /ˌmitiəɹəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl̩/ | meteorológico |
| disrupt verbo | /dɪsˈɹʌpt/ | trastornar, trastrocar |
| rainfall sustantivo | cantidad pluvial, cuantía lluvial | |
| coordination sustantivo | /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/ | coordinación |
| aquaculture sustantivo | /ˈækwəˌkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ | acuicultura, acuacultura |
| contingency sustantivo | /kənˈtɪnd͡ʒənsi/ | contingencia, eventualidad |
| converge verbo | /kənˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ | converger, parecerse |
| embankment sustantivo | /ɪmˈbæŋkmənt/ | terraplén |
| expend verbo | /ɪkˈspɛnd/ | expender, despender |
| hydroelectric adjetivo | /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/ | hidroeléctrico |
| monsoon sustantivo | /mɑnˈsuːn/ | monzón |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| step up verbo | aumentar, redoblar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | be bathed · is believed · been hit |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have already run · have appeared · have warned |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 3 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, we're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: intrusion /ɪnˈtɹuːʒən/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/, cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/, irrigation /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: meteorological /ˌmitiəɹəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl̩/, coordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/, aquaculture /ˈækwəˌkʌlt͡ʃɚ/, contingency /kənˈtɪnd͡ʒənsi/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: scorch /skɔɹt͡ʃ/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: livelihood /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/, converge /kənˈvɜːd͡ʒ/, heatwave /ˈhitˌweɪv/, cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/, evident /ˈɛv.ə.dənt/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, arise /əˈɹaɪz/, seasonal /ˈsiːzənəl/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como drought, forecast, livelihood.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.