Pratique du Shadowing: Black Hole Documentary 2019 - Part 1 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

black hole is a region of space where matter has condensed to such a high density that

the gravity at its surface the surface gravity is so high that you cannot escape it even at the speed of light you are forever trapped it is the fabric of the space-time continuum warped back on

itself and what you fall in the fact that these cosmic objects exist boggles the mind they are

so counterintuitive massive and strange they have been considered hypothetical objects for the longest time in the history of science in his general theory of relativity in 1916 Albert

Einstein first predicted the existence of black holes but it took a German artillery lieutenant fighting on the frontlines of the First World War Karl Schwarzschild to provide the first exact

solution to Einstein's field equations of general relativity where he described how space-time is walked outside a spherical object his mathematical solution shows how it becomes harder for matter

to escape the gravitational field of ultra high dense stars eventually there comes a point where every particle even light becomes gravitationally trapped once matter passes this point there is no

escape this point of no return is called the event horizon and something completely bizarre happens once you approach and go past the event horizon time itself slows down to a complete standstill

this is why early physicists studying these mysterious objects sometimes called them frozen stars the phrase black hole was only popularized by American physicist John Wheeler in 1967 when

it was reportedly suggested by a student at one of his lectures wheeler also best summarized in layperson terms the field equations where he described it as space-time tells matter

how to move and matter tells space-time how to curve it took decades to accept black holes as anything but a mathematical curiosity most of the leading theoretical physicists of the 20th

century insisted that these strange objects could never form in reality Arthur Eddington said I think there should be a law of nature to prevent a star from behaving in this absurd

way but black holes are all too real though it is understandable that even world leading experts in general relativity dismissed them as mere mathematical curiosities after all the

phrase black hole caught on for a reason they are pitch black as they emit no light so how can you take a phenomena seriously if you can't directly observe it how do you see the unseeable

when an ultra-high dense star runs out of nuclear fuel it begins to collapse on its own weight if it's massive enough say 10 to 29 solar masses its collapsed core will turn into a neutron star a way

to break your mind is to try to visualize a star that's 10 times the mass of the Sun with the size of a city that's a neutron star if it has a mass greater than 20 times the mass of the Sun even

the proton degeneracy pressure will not suffice to keep the mass from imploding and collapsing into a single point of infinite density forming a black hole black holes are detected as surrounding

material like gas is funneled by the force of gravity into a disk around the black hole the gas molecules in the disk swirl around the black hole so fast that they heat up and emit x-rays in

the 1960s x-ray astronomy was developing rapidly with a series of rockets and satellites launched into space in 1964 astronomers discovered one of the brightest x-ray sources in the sky in

the constellation Cygnus in 1970 NASA launched a hurroo x-ray Explorer satellite that provided detailed observation and measurements for this strange x-ray radio source it showed Sig x1 had

rapid variability on timescales shorter than a second the mission was also able to calculate the mass of this mysterious object 15 solar masses far exceeding any theoretical limit

for neutron stars making Sig x1 a prime candidate to be the first stellar black hole ever detected

next week we will explore far more ominous black holes than stellar ones subscribe and ring the bell to be notified about part 2 of the black hole series thanks for watching

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74 phrases

Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette vidéo contient 23 phrases et 706 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:49. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 121 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 75 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
gravity nom	/ˈɡɹævɪti/	gravité
collapse verbe	/kəˈlæps/	s'effondrer
mathematical adjectif	/ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/	mathématique
density nom	/ˈdɛn.sə.ti/	masse volumique, densité
satellite nom	/ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/	satellite
trap nom	/tɹæp/	piège, collet
phrase nom	/ˈfɹeɪ̯z/	expression
mysterious adjectif	/mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/	mystérieux
horizon nom	/həˈɹaɪ.zən/	horizon, ligne d'horizon
detect verbe	/dɪˈtɛkt/	déceler, détecter
equation nom	/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/	équation
disk nom	/dɪsk/	disque
theoretical adjectif	/ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/	théorique
dense adjectif	/ˈdɛns/	dense
curiosity nom	/ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/	curiosité

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Sens
go past verbe	passer, dépasser
heat up verbe	chauffer

Prononciation à surveiller

Les sons « th »: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, constellation /ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, curiosity /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme gravity, collapse, mathematical.

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	have been considered · is walked · is called
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	has condensed · have been considered

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

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