跟读练习: Black Hole Documentary 2019 - Part 1 - 通过视频学习英语口语
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black hole is a region of space where matter has condensed to such a high density that
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the gravity at its surface the surface gravity is so high that you cannot escape it even at the speed of light you are forever trapped it is the fabric of the space-time continuum warped back on
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itself and what you fall in the fact that these cosmic objects exist boggles the mind they are
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so counterintuitive massive and strange they have been considered hypothetical objects for the longest time in the history of science in his general theory of relativity in 1916 Albert
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Einstein first predicted the existence of black holes but it took a German artillery lieutenant fighting on the frontlines of the First World War Karl Schwarzschild to provide the first exact
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solution to Einstein's field equations of general relativity where he described how space-time is walked outside a spherical object his mathematical solution shows how it becomes harder for matter
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to escape the gravitational field of ultra high dense stars eventually there comes a point where every particle even light becomes gravitationally trapped once matter passes this point there is no
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escape this point of no return is called the event horizon and something completely bizarre happens once you approach and go past the event horizon time itself slows down to a complete standstill
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this is why early physicists studying these mysterious objects sometimes called them frozen stars the phrase black hole was only popularized by American physicist John Wheeler in 1967 when
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it was reportedly suggested by a student at one of his lectures wheeler also best summarized in layperson terms the field equations where he described it as space-time tells matter
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how to move and matter tells space-time how to curve it took decades to accept black holes as anything but a mathematical curiosity most of the leading theoretical physicists of the 20th
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century insisted that these strange objects could never form in reality Arthur Eddington said I think there should be a law of nature to prevent a star from behaving in this absurd
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way but black holes are all too real though it is understandable that even world leading experts in general relativity dismissed them as mere mathematical curiosities after all the
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phrase black hole caught on for a reason they are pitch black as they emit no light so how can you take a phenomena seriously if you can't directly observe it how do you see the unseeable
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when an ultra-high dense star runs out of nuclear fuel it begins to collapse on its own weight if it's massive enough say 10 to 29 solar masses its collapsed core will turn into a neutron star a way
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to break your mind is to try to visualize a star that's 10 times the mass of the Sun with the size of a city that's a neutron star if it has a mass greater than 20 times the mass of the Sun even
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the proton degeneracy pressure will not suffice to keep the mass from imploding and collapsing into a single point of infinite density forming a black hole black holes are detected as surrounding
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material like gas is funneled by the force of gravity into a disk around the black hole the gas molecules in the disk swirl around the black hole so fast that they heat up and emit x-rays in
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the 1960s x-ray astronomy was developing rapidly with a series of rockets and satellites launched into space in 1964 astronomers discovered one of the brightest x-ray sources in the sky in
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the constellation Cygnus in 1970 NASA launched a hurroo x-ray Explorer satellite that provided detailed observation and measurements for this strange x-ray radio source it showed Sig x1 had
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rapid variability on timescales shorter than a second the mission was also able to calculate the mass of this mysterious object 15 solar masses far exceeding any theoretical limit
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for neutron stars making Sig x1 a prime candidate to be the first stellar black hole ever detected
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next week we will explore far more ominous black holes than stellar ones subscribe and ring the bell to be notified about part 2 of the black hole series thanks for watching
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 23 个句子、706 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:49。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 121 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 75% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| collapse 动词 | /kəˈlæps/ | 倒坍, 崩潰 /崩溃 |
| density 名词 | /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ | 密度 |
| satellite 名词 | /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/ | 衛星 /卫星 |
| trap 名词 | /tɹæp/ | 陷阱, 圈套 |
| phrase 名词 | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | 短語 /短语, 片語 /片语 |
| mysterious 形容词 | /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ | 神秘, 來源不明的 /来源不明的 |
| horizon 名词 | /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ | 地平線 /地平线, 天際 /天际 |
| detect 动词 | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | 察覺 /察觉, 發覺 /发觉 |
| equation 名词 | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | 方程式, 方程 |
| disk 名词 | /dɪsk/ | 圓盤 /圆盘 |
| theoretical 形容词 | /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/ | 理論 /理论 |
| dense 形容词 | /ˈdɛns/ | 密, 稠密 |
| curiosity 名词 | /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/ | 好奇, 好奇心 |
| stellar 形容词 | /ˈstɛl.əɹ/ | 优秀, 出色 |
| lieutenant 名词 | /l(j)uˈtɛn.ənt/ | 中尉, 陸軍中尉 /陆军中尉 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| go past 动词 | 經過 /经过, 路過 /路过 |
| heat up 动词 | 加熱 /加热 |
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, constellation /ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, curiosity /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 collapse, density, satellite 这类单词。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | have been considered · is walked · is called |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has condensed · have been considered |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。