跟讀練習: Black Hole Documentary 2019 - Part 1 - 通過影片學習英語口語
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23 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
1
black hole is a region of space where matter has condensed to such a high density that
2
the gravity at its surface the surface gravity is so high that you cannot escape it even at the speed of light you are forever trapped it is the fabric of the space-time continuum warped back on
3
itself and what you fall in the fact that these cosmic objects exist boggles the mind they are
4
so counterintuitive massive and strange they have been considered hypothetical objects for the longest time in the history of science in his general theory of relativity in 1916 Albert
5
Einstein first predicted the existence of black holes but it took a German artillery lieutenant fighting on the frontlines of the First World War Karl Schwarzschild to provide the first exact
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solution to Einstein's field equations of general relativity where he described how space-time is walked outside a spherical object his mathematical solution shows how it becomes harder for matter
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to escape the gravitational field of ultra high dense stars eventually there comes a point where every particle even light becomes gravitationally trapped once matter passes this point there is no
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escape this point of no return is called the event horizon and something completely bizarre happens once you approach and go past the event horizon time itself slows down to a complete standstill
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this is why early physicists studying these mysterious objects sometimes called them frozen stars the phrase black hole was only popularized by American physicist John Wheeler in 1967 when
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it was reportedly suggested by a student at one of his lectures wheeler also best summarized in layperson terms the field equations where he described it as space-time tells matter
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how to move and matter tells space-time how to curve it took decades to accept black holes as anything but a mathematical curiosity most of the leading theoretical physicists of the 20th
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century insisted that these strange objects could never form in reality Arthur Eddington said I think there should be a law of nature to prevent a star from behaving in this absurd
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way but black holes are all too real though it is understandable that even world leading experts in general relativity dismissed them as mere mathematical curiosities after all the
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phrase black hole caught on for a reason they are pitch black as they emit no light so how can you take a phenomena seriously if you can't directly observe it how do you see the unseeable
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when an ultra-high dense star runs out of nuclear fuel it begins to collapse on its own weight if it's massive enough say 10 to 29 solar masses its collapsed core will turn into a neutron star a way
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to break your mind is to try to visualize a star that's 10 times the mass of the Sun with the size of a city that's a neutron star if it has a mass greater than 20 times the mass of the Sun even
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the proton degeneracy pressure will not suffice to keep the mass from imploding and collapsing into a single point of infinite density forming a black hole black holes are detected as surrounding
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material like gas is funneled by the force of gravity into a disk around the black hole the gas molecules in the disk swirl around the black hole so fast that they heat up and emit x-rays in
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the 1960s x-ray astronomy was developing rapidly with a series of rockets and satellites launched into space in 1964 astronomers discovered one of the brightest x-ray sources in the sky in
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the constellation Cygnus in 1970 NASA launched a hurroo x-ray Explorer satellite that provided detailed observation and measurements for this strange x-ray radio source it showed Sig x1 had
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rapid variability on timescales shorter than a second the mission was also able to calculate the mass of this mysterious object 15 solar masses far exceeding any theoretical limit
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for neutron stars making Sig x1 a prime candidate to be the first stellar black hole ever detected
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next week we will explore far more ominous black holes than stellar ones subscribe and ring the bell to be notified about part 2 of the black hole series thanks for watching
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 23 個句子、706 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 5:49。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 121 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 75% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| collapse 動詞 | /kəˈlæps/ | 倒坍, 崩潰 /崩潰 |
| density 名詞 | /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ | 密度 |
| satellite 名詞 | /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/ | 衛星 /衛星 |
| trap 名詞 | /tɹæp/ | 陷阱, 圈套 |
| phrase 名詞 | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | 短語 /短語, 片語 /片語 |
| mysterious 形容詞 | /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ | 神秘, 來源不明的 /來源不明的 |
| horizon 名詞 | /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ | 地平線 /地平線, 天際 /天際 |
| detect 動詞 | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | 察覺 /察覺, 發覺 /發覺 |
| equation 名詞 | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | 方程式, 方程 |
| disk 名詞 | /dɪsk/ | 圓盤 /圓盤 |
| theoretical 形容詞 | /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/ | 理論 /理論 |
| dense 形容詞 | /ˈdɛns/ | 密, 稠密 |
| curiosity 名詞 | /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/ | 好奇, 好奇心 |
| stellar 形容詞 | /ˈstɛl.əɹ/ | 優秀, 出色 |
| lieutenant 名詞 | /l(j)uˈtɛn.ənt/ | 中尉, 陸軍中尉 /陸軍中尉 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| go past 動詞 | 經過 /經過, 路過 /路過 |
| heat up 動詞 | 加熱 /加熱 |
需要注意的發音
- “th” 音: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, constellation /ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, curiosity /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 collapse, density, satellite 這類單詞。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | have been considered · is walked · is called |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has condensed · have been considered |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。