Shadowing Practice: Black Hole Documentary 2019 - Part 1 - Learn English Speaking with Video

black hole is a region of space where matter has condensed to such a high density that

the gravity at its surface the surface gravity is so high that you cannot escape it even at the speed of light you are forever trapped it is the fabric of the space-time continuum warped back on

itself and what you fall in the fact that these cosmic objects exist boggles the mind they are

so counterintuitive massive and strange they have been considered hypothetical objects for the longest time in the history of science in his general theory of relativity in 1916 Albert

Einstein first predicted the existence of black holes but it took a German artillery lieutenant fighting on the frontlines of the First World War Karl Schwarzschild to provide the first exact

solution to Einstein's field equations of general relativity where he described how space-time is walked outside a spherical object his mathematical solution shows how it becomes harder for matter

to escape the gravitational field of ultra high dense stars eventually there comes a point where every particle even light becomes gravitationally trapped once matter passes this point there is no

escape this point of no return is called the event horizon and something completely bizarre happens once you approach and go past the event horizon time itself slows down to a complete standstill

this is why early physicists studying these mysterious objects sometimes called them frozen stars the phrase black hole was only popularized by American physicist John Wheeler in 1967 when

it was reportedly suggested by a student at one of his lectures wheeler also best summarized in layperson terms the field equations where he described it as space-time tells matter

how to move and matter tells space-time how to curve it took decades to accept black holes as anything but a mathematical curiosity most of the leading theoretical physicists of the 20th

century insisted that these strange objects could never form in reality Arthur Eddington said I think there should be a law of nature to prevent a star from behaving in this absurd

way but black holes are all too real though it is understandable that even world leading experts in general relativity dismissed them as mere mathematical curiosities after all the

phrase black hole caught on for a reason they are pitch black as they emit no light so how can you take a phenomena seriously if you can't directly observe it how do you see the unseeable

when an ultra-high dense star runs out of nuclear fuel it begins to collapse on its own weight if it's massive enough say 10 to 29 solar masses its collapsed core will turn into a neutron star a way

to break your mind is to try to visualize a star that's 10 times the mass of the Sun with the size of a city that's a neutron star if it has a mass greater than 20 times the mass of the Sun even

the proton degeneracy pressure will not suffice to keep the mass from imploding and collapsing into a single point of infinite density forming a black hole black holes are detected as surrounding

material like gas is funneled by the force of gravity into a disk around the black hole the gas molecules in the disk swirl around the black hole so fast that they heat up and emit x-rays in

the 1960s x-ray astronomy was developing rapidly with a series of rockets and satellites launched into space in 1964 astronomers discovered one of the brightest x-ray sources in the sky in

the constellation Cygnus in 1970 NASA launched a hurroo x-ray Explorer satellite that provided detailed observation and measurements for this strange x-ray radio source it showed Sig x1 had

rapid variability on timescales shorter than a second the mission was also able to calculate the mass of this mysterious object 15 solar masses far exceeding any theoretical limit

for neutron stars making Sig x1 a prime candidate to be the first stellar black hole ever detected

next week we will explore far more ominous black holes than stellar ones subscribe and ring the bell to be notified about part 2 of the black hole series thanks for watching

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Este vídeo tiene 23 frases y 706 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:49. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 121 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 75 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
gravity sustantivo	/ˈɡɹævɪti/	gravedad
collapse verbo	/kəˈlæps/	derrumbarse, desplomarse
mathematical adjetivo	/ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/	matemático
density sustantivo	/ˈdɛn.sə.ti/	densidad
satellite sustantivo	/ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/	satélite
trap sustantivo	/tɹæp/	trampa, cepo
phrase sustantivo	/ˈfɹeɪ̯z/	frase
mysterious adjetivo	/mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/	misterioso
horizon sustantivo	/həˈɹaɪ.zən/	horizonte
detect verbo	/dɪˈtɛkt/	detectar
equation sustantivo	/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/	ecuación
disk sustantivo	/dɪsk/	disco
theoretical adjetivo	/ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/	teórico
dense adjetivo	/ˈdɛns/	denso
curiosity sustantivo	/ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/	curiosidad

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Palabra	Significado
go past verbo	traspasar, rebasar

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

Los sonidos de “th”: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/
Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, constellation /ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, curiosity /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como gravity, collapse, mathematical.

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

Estructura	En el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace	have been considered · is walked · is called
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora	has condensed · have been considered

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

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