シャドーイング練習: Black Hole Documentary 2019 - Part 1 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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black hole is a region of space where matter has condensed to such a high density that
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the gravity at its surface the surface gravity is so high that you cannot escape it even at the speed of light you are forever trapped it is the fabric of the space-time continuum warped back on
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itself and what you fall in the fact that these cosmic objects exist boggles the mind they are
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so counterintuitive massive and strange they have been considered hypothetical objects for the longest time in the history of science in his general theory of relativity in 1916 Albert
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Einstein first predicted the existence of black holes but it took a German artillery lieutenant fighting on the frontlines of the First World War Karl Schwarzschild to provide the first exact
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solution to Einstein's field equations of general relativity where he described how space-time is walked outside a spherical object his mathematical solution shows how it becomes harder for matter
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to escape the gravitational field of ultra high dense stars eventually there comes a point where every particle even light becomes gravitationally trapped once matter passes this point there is no
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escape this point of no return is called the event horizon and something completely bizarre happens once you approach and go past the event horizon time itself slows down to a complete standstill
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this is why early physicists studying these mysterious objects sometimes called them frozen stars the phrase black hole was only popularized by American physicist John Wheeler in 1967 when
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it was reportedly suggested by a student at one of his lectures wheeler also best summarized in layperson terms the field equations where he described it as space-time tells matter
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how to move and matter tells space-time how to curve it took decades to accept black holes as anything but a mathematical curiosity most of the leading theoretical physicists of the 20th
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century insisted that these strange objects could never form in reality Arthur Eddington said I think there should be a law of nature to prevent a star from behaving in this absurd
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way but black holes are all too real though it is understandable that even world leading experts in general relativity dismissed them as mere mathematical curiosities after all the
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phrase black hole caught on for a reason they are pitch black as they emit no light so how can you take a phenomena seriously if you can't directly observe it how do you see the unseeable
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when an ultra-high dense star runs out of nuclear fuel it begins to collapse on its own weight if it's massive enough say 10 to 29 solar masses its collapsed core will turn into a neutron star a way
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to break your mind is to try to visualize a star that's 10 times the mass of the Sun with the size of a city that's a neutron star if it has a mass greater than 20 times the mass of the Sun even
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the proton degeneracy pressure will not suffice to keep the mass from imploding and collapsing into a single point of infinite density forming a black hole black holes are detected as surrounding
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material like gas is funneled by the force of gravity into a disk around the black hole the gas molecules in the disk swirl around the black hole so fast that they heat up and emit x-rays in
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the 1960s x-ray astronomy was developing rapidly with a series of rockets and satellites launched into space in 1964 astronomers discovered one of the brightest x-ray sources in the sky in
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the constellation Cygnus in 1970 NASA launched a hurroo x-ray Explorer satellite that provided detailed observation and measurements for this strange x-ray radio source it showed Sig x1 had
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rapid variability on timescales shorter than a second the mission was also able to calculate the mass of this mysterious object 15 solar masses far exceeding any theoretical limit
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for neutron stars making Sig x1 a prime candidate to be the first stellar black hole ever detected
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next week we will explore far more ominous black holes than stellar ones subscribe and ring the bell to be notified about part 2 of the black hole series thanks for watching
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が23文、単語が706語あります。 音声の長さは5:49です。 話す速さは1分あたり約121語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は75%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| collapse 動詞 | /kəˈlæps/ | 潰える, 崩壊する |
| density 名詞 | /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ | 密度, 濃度 |
| satellite 名詞 | /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/ | 衛星 |
| trap 名詞 | /tɹæp/ | 罠 |
| phrase 名詞 | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | 句, 語句 |
| mysterious 形容詞 | /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ | 神秘的な, ミステリアスな |
| horizon 名詞 | /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ | 地平線, 水平線 |
| detect 動詞 | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | 検出する, 見付ける |
| equation 名詞 | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | 方程式 |
| disk 名詞 | /dɪsk/ | ディスク, 円盤 |
| theoretical 形容詞 | /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/ | 理論的な |
| dense 形容詞 | /ˈdɛns/ | 濃い, 密 |
| curiosity 名詞 | /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/ | 好奇心 |
| lieutenant 名詞 | /l(j)uˈtɛn.ənt/ | 中尉, 少尉 |
| pitch 名詞 | /pɪt͡ʃ/ | 投球 |
注意したい発音
- 「th」の音: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, constellation /ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/, gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: mathematical /ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, curiosity /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/, phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。collapse, density, satelliteなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | have been considered · is walked · is called |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has condensed · have been considered |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。