Pratique du Shadowing: Complete IELTS Band 6.5 - 7.5 - UNIT 8 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Complete IELTS, Bands 6.5 to 7.5, by Guy Brookhart and Vanessa Jakeman.
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Published by Cambridge University Press, 2013.
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This recording is copyright.
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Unit 8.
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Listening.
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Exercise 4.
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So, we're talking about astronomy today, the scientific study of outer space, And I'm going to start by saying a bit about telescopes
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and then move on to look at some key features of amateur astronomy.
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Now, one of the most powerful telescopes in the world today is the Hubble Space Telescope, named after Edwin Hubble.
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And it's become rather symbolic in many ways.
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And that's quite appropriate, really, because, you know, in the early days, it was instruments, and particularly telescopes,
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that kicked off what was known as the scientific revolution.
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We tend to think of science in terms of great minds conjuring up big ideas.
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We think of books.
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But in the field of science, instruments have always been more important.
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And of course, it was the Italian astronomer Galileo who started us stargazing.
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He didn't come up with the world's first telescope, but he was the first scientist to add a lens to his telescope
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that magnified things in the sky enough to be able to study them.
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Until this time, scientists had been looking at objects on the Earth, but suddenly, the skies held a much greater fascination for people.
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He said it best when he declared that his telescopes revealed the invisible.
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That was in the first part of the 17th century.
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Photography took longer to come about, so only artists were able to capture the celestial images seen in those days.
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We had to wait a further nearly 200 years until 1839 for John William Draper,
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a chemistry professor, to produce the first recorded moon photograph, which looks like this.
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Black and white, of course.
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Since that time, humans have built bigger, better, more powerful telescopes, and what can be seen through these in the present day is,
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well, truly amazing.
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Millions of pictures have appeared in magazines, books, on TV, and on the internet.
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Most professional astronomers don't care if the end result is beautiful.
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What they really want is research data.
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That's their main objective.
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But when the device capturing a distant star or galaxy is the Hubble Space Telescope, or a large telescope housed in a mountaintop observatory,
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the result usually appears spectacular as well.
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Now, amateur astronomers often have a different objective.
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Many want nothing more than to capture a scene that will dazzle viewers.
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They aim to photograph things never seen before, like this beautiful solar eclipse that was captured in Greece,
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or this incredible image of the moon with a plane crossing it.
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But needless to say, they've also made a great contribution to furthering astronomical research,
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and they do get their photographs and findings published in astronomy journals.
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So let's have a look at what amateurs can contribute.
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All astronomers are trying to find out or understand the origins of the solar system,
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How stars formed in the first place and how the universe itself evolved in such a way.
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Amateur astronomers have a great deal of specialized knowledge that is highly valued in this regard.
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For example, they're very familiar with the sky and they know right away
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when something new appears or when the brightness of an object alters, increases or decreases.
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They know how to tell the difference between, say, planets and comets or stars or even artificial satellites.
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Many ordinary people wouldn't have any of these skills.
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And another vital skill is that they know how to make accurate measurements.
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Knowing the distance of one object from another or from Earth,
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for example, is essential information if you want to make a valuable contribution to astrophysics.
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So that's what they know.
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When you look at what they can do to help the professionals, well, in general, there are two main types of observation that are important.
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Firstly, they are always watching space.
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They keep a constant eye on the skies for any new discovery, such as an exploding star that has reached the end of its life and lets off a tremendous amount of energy,
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or a comet, a very small object made of dust and ice orbiting the sun.
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Secondly, they constantly observe the evolution of stars, planets, and other celestial features.
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And the information they gather is essential to our understanding of these objects.
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It tells us, for example, how stars live and die, and how they interact with neighboring stars.
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In both types of observation, professionals can see advantages in the enormous patience and passion that amateurs have for their hobby.
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This doesn't just mean spending a whole night looking at the stars.
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We're talking about observations that involve spending years of evenings on the roof or in the back garden.
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It's not possible for professional astronomers to undertake these long-term studies or to spend huge amounts of time observing a single object.
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But amateurs can, and they do, and that's why they are so important to the field of astronomy.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Complete IELTS Band 6.5 - 7.5 - UNIT 8 ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : telescope, star, astronomer, amateur, object. Cette vidéo contient 66 phrases et 838 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:58. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 120 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 81 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| telescope nom | /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ | lunette, télescope |
| astronomer nom | /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mə/ | astronome |
| astronomy nom | /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/ | astronomie |
| observation nom | /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/ | observation |
| celestial adjectif | /səˈlɛs.t͡ʃ(ə)l/ | céleste |
| comet nom | /ˈkɒmɪt/ | comète |
| observe verbe | /əbˈzɜːv/ | respecter, observer |
| astronomical adjectif | /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɑm.ɪ.kəl/ | astronomique |
| astrophysics nom | /ˌæs.tɹoʊˈfɪz.ɪks/ | astrophysique |
| dazzle verbe | /ˈdæzəl/ | éblouir |
| fascination nom | /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/ | fascination |
| magnify verbe | /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/ | agrandir |
| specialize verbe | /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/ | spécialiser |
| brightness nom | /ˈbɹaɪtnəs/ | brillance |
| needless adjectif | /ˈniːdləs/ | superflu, inutile |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer |
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
| see through verbe | voir à travers |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have always been · have built · have appeared |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | was known · can be seen · was captured |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 9 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, didn't, doesn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, patience /ˈpeɪ̯.ʃəns/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: astronomer /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mə/, astronomy /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/, astronomical /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɑm.ɪ.kəl/, astrophysics /ˌæs.tɹoʊˈfɪz.ɪks/, fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: celestial /səˈlɛs.t͡ʃ(ə)l/, conjure /ˈkɑn.d͡ʒɚ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: astronomer /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mə/, astronomy /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/, astronomical /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɑm.ɪ.kəl/, astrophysics /ˌæs.tɹoʊˈfɪz.ɪks/, stargaze /ˈstɑɹɡeɪz/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme telescope, astronomer, astronomy.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.