Pratique du Shadowing: How to Speed Read - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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120 phrases
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Greetings folks, Tim Ferriss here, author of 4 -Hour Workweek,
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Tools of Titans, etc. I think a lot about ingesting information and it sounds so sexy doesn't it?
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Learning!
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How do you speed up the consumption of say, text if you want to read faster?
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How do you do that without succumbing to some pseudoscience nonsense about speed reading?
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There's a lot of garbage out there.
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But how can you improve your ability to absorb written information without sacrificing comprehension?
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There are some very straightforward ways to do it.
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I'm going to show you that right now, and I will use these two books to demonstrate.
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So these are fiction and nonfiction, respectively.
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How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, one of my favorite recent fiction books, which I generally don't try to read super quickly,
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but these books are the same size.
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So I'll show you then Vagabonding, which is one of my faves, has been since 2004.
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All right, so let's take, just for the sake of simplicity, and I would recommend you do the same, a book that has fairly standardized formatting.
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In other words, there aren't a lot of bullet lists, there aren't a lot of graphs, it's mostly text.
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And since we can only manage what we can measure,
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step number one is figuring out roughly how many words per page are on this particular, say, spread, right?
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And then throughout the book.
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So you're going to go through and you're going to count, say on a page like this, the number of words in 10 lines.
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Okay?
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So you come up with a total, divide it by 10, that's your average number of words per line.
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And then you can see here, most books have a consistent number of lines per page.
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You multiply that, let's just say it's 30.
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Okay, you have an average of 10 words per line.
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That's 300 words per page.
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Great, easy enough.
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All right, what we want to do next is establish your baseline.
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So you're going to read for one minute.
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You're going to be focusing on reading at your normal speed.
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Of course, now you have an experimental or observer effect, so it might be slightly off, but that's all right.
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You're going to read for one minute, and then you're going to do the math.
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Multiply it out and figure out how many words roughly have I read.
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That is your words per minute rate, WPM.
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And what we do should help double or triple that without too much trouble.
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Alright, now I'll do a demo before we go into how to mess with your book.
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If you look at say my nose, alright, in this video, can you still see my finger?
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Of course you can.
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Can you still see my finger over here?
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Yes, you can.
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That is your peripheral vision, even if your fixation point, if your primary point of focus is right here.
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When we read, most of us, when we are taught to read, we read word by word.
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So we go from the furthermost left word to the furthermost right word, and so on.
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Seems logical.
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The problem with that is, is you're not using any of this space or the margins lines.
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And the way that you then remedy that is by drawing lines on some pages.
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And I would suggest you indent one word from either side.
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Okay?
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And so what that might look like is something like this.
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So now you have lines going down either side of the page.
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And instead of starting all the way to the left, you're going to start at this line, and then you're going to end at that line.
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So much like a, say, typewriter with a return carriage going down, you're now going to be zigzagging just as you would normally,
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but the parameters or the boundaries have been moved in by a word.
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You will not have any trouble reading, and you should still have full comprehension.
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And if you do this for, say, five to ten pages, Then, if you're not having any trouble whatsoever, you can indent by another word.
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And you can either use lines or you can spitball it.
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You can estimate it.
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And by doing this alone, just that, you can train yourself to get to the point where effectively,
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you are very much focusing on the middle third of the page.
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And you're just dotting down the page left to right.
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And that in and of itself could easily double your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.
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The next observation, just mechanically, that can be very helpful is that the eye doesn't track in a clean,
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smooth line when you are, say, glancing from left to right.
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So if you want to do a test, close one eye.
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You put a finger on that eye and then slowly track across the wall on the opposite side.
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And what you'll notice is that the eye jumps.
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And these are, I believe, I've never actually heard this said.
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I've only read it a million times.
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Cicadic movements.
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The eye will jump from fixation point to fixation point.
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And you can see this with retina scanning and eye tracking, which I've seen a fair amount of just in psychological studies.
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I've been an experimenter and a subject both at Princeton, where I did stuff actually in the lab of Danny Kahneman,
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who wrote Thinking Fast and Slow.
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Incredible, incredible scientist, but I was just clicking space bars looking at stuff on the screen.
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And then at UCSF and other places.
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How do we utilize that?
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What that means is when you're looking at a given page, your eye isn't moving smoothly across each line.
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It's fixation, fixation, fixation.
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So the less that we can regress, meaning bounce back or bounce up, you want to stay on that reliable forward path.
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And the fewer fixation points we have, it's just a math problem, the less time we're going to spend reading each page.
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So what does this mean?
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This means that thus far we've just been looking at the page and reading.
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What we're going to do now is use a pacer.
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So you could use your finger and now you are actually going to track with your finger, trace underneath the line like so.
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And try to think of two fixation points per line for your eye.
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But this will keep you from bouncing up to previously read material.
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We've all had the experience of being really sleepy, say, and feeling like you've read the same two lines five or six times.
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This is partially because your eyes are tired and you end up back skipping and jumping all over the place.
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So then you use your marker, your pacer, to move down the page.
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And the last test I would have you run, or experiment, prior to re -measurement, so let's say you do that for 10 minutes.
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And so you've moved in the boundaries, the edges of the page, so to speak, where you stop and go to the next line.
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And then you're minimizing the number of fixations, and you're preventing back skipping by using pacer.
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The next thing you're going to do is say for five minutes is to read slightly faster than your comprehension allows.
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So you want to get to the point where you're losing maybe 10%.
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And the effect that we're looking for is resetting your comfort set point in reading at full comprehension.
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In other words, if you're used to always driving at 30 miles an hour, and then you get to the point where you're on a highway,
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say I was just in Texas, and it was speed limit 80 miles an hour.
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Oh my God, does that feel fast.
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And suddenly you feel like you're operating at very high speed.
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You then dial back when you go into, say, a 55 zone, it feels like 30.
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All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.
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So for five minutes, just practice reading with slight comprehension loss.
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It's a little bit faster than is comfortable.
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And then what I want you to do is retest your word per minute rate.
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So now you're going to use the bumping in from either side you're going to use the pacer,
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and I want you to make sure that you have full comprehension.
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And in doing that, I would wager that the vast majority of you, probably close to 100%, if you followed all these instructions,
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will have at least improved your reading speed by 50%.
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Some of you will double, triple, quadruple your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.
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No voodoo, no magic involved.
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It's just understanding the mechanics of the eye, a little bit about optical perception, and then recognizing how you can optimize that for the printed page.
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And that's it. So congratulations.
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You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.
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And for poetry, for fiction, you can always read slower.
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But now that you have a Ferrari instead of a Yugo, you can choose from a wider range of speeds.
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So there you have it.
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Have fun reading.
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I recommend both
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How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia and Vagabonding, among many, many others.
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There's a world out there to explore, so I'll let you get to it.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to Speed Read ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : word, page, reading, speed, eye. Cette vidéo contient 120 phrases et 1550 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 9:36. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 162 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| comprehension nom | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ | compréhension, entendement |
| finger nom | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | doigt |
| fiction nom | /ˈfɪkʃən/ | fiction, belles-lettres |
| triple adjectif | /ˈtɹɪp.əl/ | triple |
| sacrifice nom | /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/ | sacrifice, offrande |
| bounce verbe | /baʊns/ | rebondir |
| roughly adverbe | /ˈɹʌf.li/ | rudement |
| skip verbe | /skɪp/ | sautiller |
| mathematics nom | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | mathématiques |
| boundary nom | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | frontière, limite |
| vast adjectif | /væst/ | vaste, immense |
| consistent adjectif | /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ | constant |
| format nom | /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ | format |
| establish verbe | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | affermir, instaurer |
| respectively adverbe | /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/ | respectivement |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| figure out verbe | cerner | |
| go down verbe | descendre | |
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer | |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir | |
| go through verbe | traverser | |
| speed up verbe | /spiːdˈʌp/ | accélérer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Can you still see my finger over here?
- I've only read it a million times.
- How do we utilize that?
- All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.
- You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has been · have been moved · I've never actually heard |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are taught · have been moved |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 46 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, I've, you've. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, smooth /smuːð/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: wage /weɪd͡ʒ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, margin /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪn/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, garbage /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, triple /ˈtɹɪp.əl/, sacrifice /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, boundary /ˈbaʊndɹi/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme comprehension, finger, fiction.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.