跟读练习: How to Speed Read - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Greetings folks, Tim Ferriss here, author of 4 -Hour Workweek,

Tools of Titans, etc. I think a lot about ingesting information and it sounds so sexy doesn't it?

Learning!

How do you speed up the consumption of say, text if you want to read faster?

How do you do that without succumbing to some pseudoscience nonsense about speed reading?

There's a lot of garbage out there.

But how can you improve your ability to absorb written information without sacrificing comprehension?

There are some very straightforward ways to do it.

I'm going to show you that right now, and I will use these two books to demonstrate.

So these are fiction and nonfiction, respectively.

How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, one of my favorite recent fiction books, which I generally don't try to read super quickly,

but these books are the same size.

So I'll show you then Vagabonding, which is one of my faves, has been since 2004.

All right, so let's take, just for the sake of simplicity, and I would recommend you do the same, a book that has fairly standardized formatting.

In other words, there aren't a lot of bullet lists, there aren't a lot of graphs, it's mostly text.

And since we can only manage what we can measure,

step number one is figuring out roughly how many words per page are on this particular, say, spread, right?

And then throughout the book.

So you're going to go through and you're going to count, say on a page like this, the number of words in 10 lines.

Okay?

So you come up with a total, divide it by 10, that's your average number of words per line.

And then you can see here, most books have a consistent number of lines per page.

You multiply that, let's just say it's 30.

Okay, you have an average of 10 words per line.

That's 300 words per page.

Great, easy enough.

All right, what we want to do next is establish your baseline.

So you're going to read for one minute.

You're going to be focusing on reading at your normal speed.

Of course, now you have an experimental or observer effect, so it might be slightly off, but that's all right.

You're going to read for one minute, and then you're going to do the math.

Multiply it out and figure out how many words roughly have I read.

That is your words per minute rate, WPM.

And what we do should help double or triple that without too much trouble.

Alright, now I'll do a demo before we go into how to mess with your book.

If you look at say my nose, alright, in this video, can you still see my finger?

Of course you can.

Can you still see my finger over here?

Yes, you can.

That is your peripheral vision, even if your fixation point, if your primary point of focus is right here.

When we read, most of us, when we are taught to read, we read word by word.

So we go from the furthermost left word to the furthermost right word, and so on.

Seems logical.

The problem with that is, is you're not using any of this space or the margins lines.

And the way that you then remedy that is by drawing lines on some pages.

And I would suggest you indent one word from either side.

Okay?

And so what that might look like is something like this.

So now you have lines going down either side of the page.

And instead of starting all the way to the left, you're going to start at this line, and then you're going to end at that line.

So much like a, say, typewriter with a return carriage going down, you're now going to be zigzagging just as you would normally,

but the parameters or the boundaries have been moved in by a word.

You will not have any trouble reading, and you should still have full comprehension.

And if you do this for, say, five to ten pages, Then, if you're not having any trouble whatsoever, you can indent by another word.

And you can either use lines or you can spitball it.

You can estimate it.

And by doing this alone, just that, you can train yourself to get to the point where effectively,

you are very much focusing on the middle third of the page.

And you're just dotting down the page left to right.

And that in and of itself could easily double your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.

The next observation, just mechanically, that can be very helpful is that the eye doesn't track in a clean,

smooth line when you are, say, glancing from left to right.

So if you want to do a test, close one eye.

You put a finger on that eye and then slowly track across the wall on the opposite side.

And what you'll notice is that the eye jumps.

And these are, I believe, I've never actually heard this said.

I've only read it a million times.

Cicadic movements.

The eye will jump from fixation point to fixation point.

And you can see this with retina scanning and eye tracking, which I've seen a fair amount of just in psychological studies.

I've been an experimenter and a subject both at Princeton, where I did stuff actually in the lab of Danny Kahneman,

who wrote Thinking Fast and Slow.

Incredible, incredible scientist, but I was just clicking space bars looking at stuff on the screen.

And then at UCSF and other places.

How do we utilize that?

What that means is when you're looking at a given page, your eye isn't moving smoothly across each line.

It's fixation, fixation, fixation.

So the less that we can regress, meaning bounce back or bounce up, you want to stay on that reliable forward path.

And the fewer fixation points we have, it's just a math problem, the less time we're going to spend reading each page.

So what does this mean?

This means that thus far we've just been looking at the page and reading.

What we're going to do now is use a pacer.

So you could use your finger and now you are actually going to track with your finger, trace underneath the line like so.

And try to think of two fixation points per line for your eye.

But this will keep you from bouncing up to previously read material.

We've all had the experience of being really sleepy, say, and feeling like you've read the same two lines five or six times.

This is partially because your eyes are tired and you end up back skipping and jumping all over the place.

So then you use your marker, your pacer, to move down the page.

And the last test I would have you run, or experiment, prior to re -measurement, so let's say you do that for 10 minutes.

And so you've moved in the boundaries, the edges of the page, so to speak, where you stop and go to the next line.

And then you're minimizing the number of fixations, and you're preventing back skipping by using pacer.

The next thing you're going to do is say for five minutes is to read slightly faster than your comprehension allows.

So you want to get to the point where you're losing maybe 10%.

And the effect that we're looking for is resetting your comfort set point in reading at full comprehension.

In other words, if you're used to always driving at 30 miles an hour, and then you get to the point where you're on a highway,

say I was just in Texas, and it was speed limit 80 miles an hour.

Oh my God, does that feel fast.

And suddenly you feel like you're operating at very high speed.

You then dial back when you go into, say, a 55 zone, it feels like 30.

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All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.

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So for five minutes, just practice reading with slight comprehension loss.

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It's a little bit faster than is comfortable.

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And then what I want you to do is retest your word per minute rate.

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So now you're going to use the bumping in from either side you're going to use the pacer,

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and I want you to make sure that you have full comprehension.

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And in doing that, I would wager that the vast majority of you, probably close to 100%, if you followed all these instructions,

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will have at least improved your reading speed by 50%.

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Some of you will double, triple, quadruple your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.

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No voodoo, no magic involved.

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It's just understanding the mechanics of the eye, a little bit about optical perception, and then recognizing how you can optimize that for the printed page.

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And that's it. So congratulations.

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You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.

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And for poetry, for fiction, you can always read slower.

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But now that you have a Ferrari instead of a Yugo, you can choose from a wider range of speeds.

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So there you have it.

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Have fun reading.

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I recommend both

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How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia and Vagabonding, among many, many others.

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There's a world out there to explore, so I'll let you get to it.

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Thank you.

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FOR YOU

本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“How to Speed Read”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：word, page, reading, speed, eye。这段视频共有 120 个句子、1550 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 9:36。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 162 个词，接近日常对话。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
comprehension 名词	/ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/	理解, 瞭解 /了解
finger 名词	/ˈfɪŋɡɚ/	手指, 指頭 /指头
fiction 名词	/ˈfɪkʃən/	虛構文學 /虚构文学, 小說 /小说
triple 形容词	/ˈtɹɪp.əl/	三重
sacrifice 名词	/ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/	犧牲 /牺牲
skip 动词	/skɪp/	跳
mathematics 名词	/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/	數學 /数学, 算學 /算学
boundary 名词	/ˈbaʊndɹi/	邊界 /边界
vast 形容词	/væst/	浩大
consistent 形容词	/kənˈsɪs.tənt/	一貫的 /一贯的
format 名词	/ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/	格式, 開本 /开本
establish 动词	/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/	確定 /确定
respectively 副词	/ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/	分別 /分别, 各自
wage 名词	/weɪd͡ʒ/	工資 /工资, 薪金
helpful 形容词	/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/	有幫助 /有帮助

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
figure out 动词		弄清楚
go down 动词		下降, 下去
come up with 动词		想出, 提出
end up 动词		到达
go through 动词		通過 /通过
speed up 动词	/spiːdˈʌp/	加速, 加快

值得反复跟读的句子

视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：

Can you still see my finger over here?
I've only read it a million times.
How do we utilize that?
All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.
You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has been · have been moved · I've never actually heard
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	are taught · have been moved

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 46 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, I've, you've。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, smooth /smuːð/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vast /væst/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: sacrifice /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/, bounce /baʊns/, skip /skɪp/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, vast /væst/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: triple /ˈtɹɪp.əl/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 comprehension, finger, fiction 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: How to Speed Read - 通过视频学习英语口语

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