Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How to Speed Read
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120 câu
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Greetings folks, Tim Ferriss here, author of 4 -Hour Workweek,
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Tools of Titans, etc. I think a lot about ingesting information and it sounds so sexy doesn't it?
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Learning!
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How do you speed up the consumption of say, text if you want to read faster?
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How do you do that without succumbing to some pseudoscience nonsense about speed reading?
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There's a lot of garbage out there.
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But how can you improve your ability to absorb written information without sacrificing comprehension?
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There are some very straightforward ways to do it.
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I'm going to show you that right now, and I will use these two books to demonstrate.
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So these are fiction and nonfiction, respectively.
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How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, one of my favorite recent fiction books, which I generally don't try to read super quickly,
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but these books are the same size.
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So I'll show you then Vagabonding, which is one of my faves, has been since 2004.
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All right, so let's take, just for the sake of simplicity, and I would recommend you do the same, a book that has fairly standardized formatting.
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In other words, there aren't a lot of bullet lists, there aren't a lot of graphs, it's mostly text.
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And since we can only manage what we can measure,
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step number one is figuring out roughly how many words per page are on this particular, say, spread, right?
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And then throughout the book.
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So you're going to go through and you're going to count, say on a page like this, the number of words in 10 lines.
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Okay?
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So you come up with a total, divide it by 10, that's your average number of words per line.
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And then you can see here, most books have a consistent number of lines per page.
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You multiply that, let's just say it's 30.
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Okay, you have an average of 10 words per line.
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That's 300 words per page.
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Great, easy enough.
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All right, what we want to do next is establish your baseline.
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So you're going to read for one minute.
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You're going to be focusing on reading at your normal speed.
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Of course, now you have an experimental or observer effect, so it might be slightly off, but that's all right.
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You're going to read for one minute, and then you're going to do the math.
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Multiply it out and figure out how many words roughly have I read.
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That is your words per minute rate, WPM.
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And what we do should help double or triple that without too much trouble.
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Alright, now I'll do a demo before we go into how to mess with your book.
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If you look at say my nose, alright, in this video, can you still see my finger?
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Of course you can.
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Can you still see my finger over here?
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Yes, you can.
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That is your peripheral vision, even if your fixation point, if your primary point of focus is right here.
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When we read, most of us, when we are taught to read, we read word by word.
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So we go from the furthermost left word to the furthermost right word, and so on.
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Seems logical.
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The problem with that is, is you're not using any of this space or the margins lines.
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And the way that you then remedy that is by drawing lines on some pages.
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And I would suggest you indent one word from either side.
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Okay?
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And so what that might look like is something like this.
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So now you have lines going down either side of the page.
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And instead of starting all the way to the left, you're going to start at this line, and then you're going to end at that line.
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So much like a, say, typewriter with a return carriage going down, you're now going to be zigzagging just as you would normally,
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but the parameters or the boundaries have been moved in by a word.
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You will not have any trouble reading, and you should still have full comprehension.
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And if you do this for, say, five to ten pages, Then, if you're not having any trouble whatsoever, you can indent by another word.
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And you can either use lines or you can spitball it.
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You can estimate it.
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And by doing this alone, just that, you can train yourself to get to the point where effectively,
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you are very much focusing on the middle third of the page.
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And you're just dotting down the page left to right.
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And that in and of itself could easily double your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.
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The next observation, just mechanically, that can be very helpful is that the eye doesn't track in a clean,
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smooth line when you are, say, glancing from left to right.
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So if you want to do a test, close one eye.
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You put a finger on that eye and then slowly track across the wall on the opposite side.
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And what you'll notice is that the eye jumps.
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And these are, I believe, I've never actually heard this said.
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I've only read it a million times.
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Cicadic movements.
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The eye will jump from fixation point to fixation point.
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And you can see this with retina scanning and eye tracking, which I've seen a fair amount of just in psychological studies.
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I've been an experimenter and a subject both at Princeton, where I did stuff actually in the lab of Danny Kahneman,
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who wrote Thinking Fast and Slow.
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Incredible, incredible scientist, but I was just clicking space bars looking at stuff on the screen.
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And then at UCSF and other places.
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How do we utilize that?
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What that means is when you're looking at a given page, your eye isn't moving smoothly across each line.
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It's fixation, fixation, fixation.
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So the less that we can regress, meaning bounce back or bounce up, you want to stay on that reliable forward path.
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And the fewer fixation points we have, it's just a math problem, the less time we're going to spend reading each page.
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So what does this mean?
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This means that thus far we've just been looking at the page and reading.
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What we're going to do now is use a pacer.
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So you could use your finger and now you are actually going to track with your finger, trace underneath the line like so.
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And try to think of two fixation points per line for your eye.
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But this will keep you from bouncing up to previously read material.
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We've all had the experience of being really sleepy, say, and feeling like you've read the same two lines five or six times.
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This is partially because your eyes are tired and you end up back skipping and jumping all over the place.
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So then you use your marker, your pacer, to move down the page.
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And the last test I would have you run, or experiment, prior to re -measurement, so let's say you do that for 10 minutes.
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And so you've moved in the boundaries, the edges of the page, so to speak, where you stop and go to the next line.
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And then you're minimizing the number of fixations, and you're preventing back skipping by using pacer.
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The next thing you're going to do is say for five minutes is to read slightly faster than your comprehension allows.
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So you want to get to the point where you're losing maybe 10%.
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And the effect that we're looking for is resetting your comfort set point in reading at full comprehension.
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In other words, if you're used to always driving at 30 miles an hour, and then you get to the point where you're on a highway,
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say I was just in Texas, and it was speed limit 80 miles an hour.
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Oh my God, does that feel fast.
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And suddenly you feel like you're operating at very high speed.
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You then dial back when you go into, say, a 55 zone, it feels like 30.
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All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.
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So for five minutes, just practice reading with slight comprehension loss.
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It's a little bit faster than is comfortable.
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And then what I want you to do is retest your word per minute rate.
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So now you're going to use the bumping in from either side you're going to use the pacer,
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and I want you to make sure that you have full comprehension.
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And in doing that, I would wager that the vast majority of you, probably close to 100%, if you followed all these instructions,
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will have at least improved your reading speed by 50%.
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Some of you will double, triple, quadruple your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.
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No voodoo, no magic involved.
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It's just understanding the mechanics of the eye, a little bit about optical perception, and then recognizing how you can optimize that for the printed page.
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And that's it. So congratulations.
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You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.
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And for poetry, for fiction, you can always read slower.
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But now that you have a Ferrari instead of a Yugo, you can choose from a wider range of speeds.
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So there you have it.
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Have fun reading.
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I recommend both
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How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia and Vagabonding, among many, many others.
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There's a world out there to explore, so I'll let you get to it.
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Thank you.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “How to Speed Read”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: word, page, reading, speed, eye. Video này có 120 câu và 1550 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 9:36. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 162 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 85% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| comprehension danh từ | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ | sự hiểu |
| finger danh từ | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | ngón tay |
| triple tính từ | /ˈtɹɪp.əl/ | ba lần |
| sacrifice danh từ | /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/ | lễ vật |
| bounce động từ | /baʊns/ | nảy |
| mathematics danh từ | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | toán học |
| consistent tính từ | /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ | phù hợp, thích hợp |
| format danh từ | /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ | khổ (sách, giấy, bìa) |
| wage danh từ | /weɪd͡ʒ/ | lương |
| helpful tính từ | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | hay giúp đỡ |
| sexy tính từ | /ˈsɛksi/ | quyến rũ, cuốn hút |
| congratulations | /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ | chúc mừng, xin chúc mừng |
| poetry danh từ | /ˈpoʊ.ə.tɹi/ | thơ ca, thi ca |
| experiment danh từ | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | thí nghiệm |
| explore động từ | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | thám hiểm |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- Can you still see my finger over here?
- I've only read it a million times.
- How do we utilize that?
- All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.
- You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | has been · have been moved · I've never actually heard |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | are taught · have been moved |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 46 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, I've, you've. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, smooth /smuːð/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: bounce /baʊns/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, vast /væst/, consistent /kənˈsɪs.tənt/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: wage /weɪd͡ʒ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, margin /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪn/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, garbage /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: sacrifice /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, vast /væst/, format /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như comprehension, finger, triple.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.