シャドーイング練習: How to Speed Read - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Greetings folks, Tim Ferriss here, author of 4 -Hour Workweek,

Tools of Titans, etc. I think a lot about ingesting information and it sounds so sexy doesn't it?

Learning!

How do you speed up the consumption of say, text if you want to read faster?

How do you do that without succumbing to some pseudoscience nonsense about speed reading?

There's a lot of garbage out there.

But how can you improve your ability to absorb written information without sacrificing comprehension?

There are some very straightforward ways to do it.

I'm going to show you that right now, and I will use these two books to demonstrate.

So these are fiction and nonfiction, respectively.

How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, one of my favorite recent fiction books, which I generally don't try to read super quickly,

but these books are the same size.

So I'll show you then Vagabonding, which is one of my faves, has been since 2004.

All right, so let's take, just for the sake of simplicity, and I would recommend you do the same, a book that has fairly standardized formatting.

In other words, there aren't a lot of bullet lists, there aren't a lot of graphs, it's mostly text.

And since we can only manage what we can measure,

step number one is figuring out roughly how many words per page are on this particular, say, spread, right?

And then throughout the book.

So you're going to go through and you're going to count, say on a page like this, the number of words in 10 lines.

Okay?

So you come up with a total, divide it by 10, that's your average number of words per line.

And then you can see here, most books have a consistent number of lines per page.

You multiply that, let's just say it's 30.

Okay, you have an average of 10 words per line.

That's 300 words per page.

Great, easy enough.

All right, what we want to do next is establish your baseline.

So you're going to read for one minute.

You're going to be focusing on reading at your normal speed.

Of course, now you have an experimental or observer effect, so it might be slightly off, but that's all right.

You're going to read for one minute, and then you're going to do the math.

Multiply it out and figure out how many words roughly have I read.

That is your words per minute rate, WPM.

And what we do should help double or triple that without too much trouble.

Alright, now I'll do a demo before we go into how to mess with your book.

If you look at say my nose, alright, in this video, can you still see my finger?

Of course you can.

Can you still see my finger over here?

Yes, you can.

That is your peripheral vision, even if your fixation point, if your primary point of focus is right here.

When we read, most of us, when we are taught to read, we read word by word.

So we go from the furthermost left word to the furthermost right word, and so on.

Seems logical.

The problem with that is, is you're not using any of this space or the margins lines.

And the way that you then remedy that is by drawing lines on some pages.

And I would suggest you indent one word from either side.

Okay?

And so what that might look like is something like this.

So now you have lines going down either side of the page.

And instead of starting all the way to the left, you're going to start at this line, and then you're going to end at that line.

So much like a, say, typewriter with a return carriage going down, you're now going to be zigzagging just as you would normally,

but the parameters or the boundaries have been moved in by a word.

You will not have any trouble reading, and you should still have full comprehension.

And if you do this for, say, five to ten pages, Then, if you're not having any trouble whatsoever, you can indent by another word.

And you can either use lines or you can spitball it.

You can estimate it.

And by doing this alone, just that, you can train yourself to get to the point where effectively,

you are very much focusing on the middle third of the page.

And you're just dotting down the page left to right.

And that in and of itself could easily double your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.

The next observation, just mechanically, that can be very helpful is that the eye doesn't track in a clean,

smooth line when you are, say, glancing from left to right.

So if you want to do a test, close one eye.

You put a finger on that eye and then slowly track across the wall on the opposite side.

And what you'll notice is that the eye jumps.

And these are, I believe, I've never actually heard this said.

I've only read it a million times.

Cicadic movements.

The eye will jump from fixation point to fixation point.

And you can see this with retina scanning and eye tracking, which I've seen a fair amount of just in psychological studies.

I've been an experimenter and a subject both at Princeton, where I did stuff actually in the lab of Danny Kahneman,

who wrote Thinking Fast and Slow.

Incredible, incredible scientist, but I was just clicking space bars looking at stuff on the screen.

And then at UCSF and other places.

How do we utilize that?

What that means is when you're looking at a given page, your eye isn't moving smoothly across each line.

It's fixation, fixation, fixation.

So the less that we can regress, meaning bounce back or bounce up, you want to stay on that reliable forward path.

And the fewer fixation points we have, it's just a math problem, the less time we're going to spend reading each page.

So what does this mean?

This means that thus far we've just been looking at the page and reading.

What we're going to do now is use a pacer.

So you could use your finger and now you are actually going to track with your finger, trace underneath the line like so.

And try to think of two fixation points per line for your eye.

But this will keep you from bouncing up to previously read material.

We've all had the experience of being really sleepy, say, and feeling like you've read the same two lines five or six times.

This is partially because your eyes are tired and you end up back skipping and jumping all over the place.

So then you use your marker, your pacer, to move down the page.

And the last test I would have you run, or experiment, prior to re -measurement, so let's say you do that for 10 minutes.

And so you've moved in the boundaries, the edges of the page, so to speak, where you stop and go to the next line.

And then you're minimizing the number of fixations, and you're preventing back skipping by using pacer.

The next thing you're going to do is say for five minutes is to read slightly faster than your comprehension allows.

So you want to get to the point where you're losing maybe 10%.

And the effect that we're looking for is resetting your comfort set point in reading at full comprehension.

In other words, if you're used to always driving at 30 miles an hour, and then you get to the point where you're on a highway,

say I was just in Texas, and it was speed limit 80 miles an hour.

Oh my God, does that feel fast.

And suddenly you feel like you're operating at very high speed.

You then dial back when you go into, say, a 55 zone, it feels like 30.

100

All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.

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So for five minutes, just practice reading with slight comprehension loss.

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It's a little bit faster than is comfortable.

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And then what I want you to do is retest your word per minute rate.

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So now you're going to use the bumping in from either side you're going to use the pacer,

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and I want you to make sure that you have full comprehension.

106

And in doing that, I would wager that the vast majority of you, probably close to 100%, if you followed all these instructions,

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will have at least improved your reading speed by 50%.

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Some of you will double, triple, quadruple your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.

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No voodoo, no magic involved.

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It's just understanding the mechanics of the eye, a little bit about optical perception, and then recognizing how you can optimize that for the printed page.

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And that's it. So congratulations.

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You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.

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And for poetry, for fiction, you can always read slower.

114

But now that you have a Ferrari instead of a Yugo, you can choose from a wider range of speeds.

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So there you have it.

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Have fun reading.

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I recommend both

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How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia and Vagabonding, among many, many others.

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There's a world out there to explore, so I'll let you get to it.

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Thank you.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How to Speed Read」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：word, page, reading, speed, eye。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が120文、単語が1550語あります。音声の長さは9:36です。話す速さは1分あたり約162語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の85%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
comprehension 名詞	/ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/	理解, 了解
finger 名詞	/ˈfɪŋɡɚ/	指
fiction 名詞	/ˈfɪkʃən/	フィクション, 小説
triple 形容詞	/ˈtɹɪp.əl/	三重
sacrifice 名詞	/ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/	犠牲, 生贄
skip 動詞	/skɪp/	はね回る
mathematics 名詞	/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/	数学
boundary 名詞	/ˈbaʊndɹi/	境界, 境
vast 形容詞	/væst/	広大な, 莫大な
format 名詞	/ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/	書式, フォーマット
respectively 副詞	/ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/	それぞれ, 各々
wage 名詞	/weɪd͡ʒ/	給料, サラリー
helpful 形容詞	/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/	役に立つ, 有用
sexy 形容詞	/ˈsɛksi/	セクシー, 色っぽい
comfort 名詞	/ˈkʌm.fət/	快適さ

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
go down 動詞		降りる, 降下する
speed up 動詞	/spiːdˈʌp/	スピードを出す

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

Can you still see my finger over here?
I've only read it a million times.
How do we utilize that?
All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.
You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has been · have been moved · I've never actually heard
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	are taught · have been moved

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, I've, you'veなど、短縮形や弱形を46回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, smooth /smuːð/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
「sh」と「zh」の音: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: triple /ˈtɹɪp.əl/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vast /væst/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, sacrifice /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, format /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。comprehension, finger, fictionなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: How to Speed Read - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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