Prática de Shadowing: How to Speed Read - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Greetings folks, Tim Ferriss here, author of 4 -Hour Workweek,
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Tools of Titans, etc. I think a lot about ingesting information and it sounds so sexy doesn't it?
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Learning!
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How do you speed up the consumption of say, text if you want to read faster?
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How do you do that without succumbing to some pseudoscience nonsense about speed reading?
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There's a lot of garbage out there.
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But how can you improve your ability to absorb written information without sacrificing comprehension?
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There are some very straightforward ways to do it.
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I'm going to show you that right now, and I will use these two books to demonstrate.
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So these are fiction and nonfiction, respectively.
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How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, one of my favorite recent fiction books, which I generally don't try to read super quickly,
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but these books are the same size.
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So I'll show you then Vagabonding, which is one of my faves, has been since 2004.
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All right, so let's take, just for the sake of simplicity, and I would recommend you do the same, a book that has fairly standardized formatting.
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In other words, there aren't a lot of bullet lists, there aren't a lot of graphs, it's mostly text.
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And since we can only manage what we can measure,
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step number one is figuring out roughly how many words per page are on this particular, say, spread, right?
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And then throughout the book.
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So you're going to go through and you're going to count, say on a page like this, the number of words in 10 lines.
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Okay?
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So you come up with a total, divide it by 10, that's your average number of words per line.
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And then you can see here, most books have a consistent number of lines per page.
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You multiply that, let's just say it's 30.
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Okay, you have an average of 10 words per line.
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That's 300 words per page.
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Great, easy enough.
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All right, what we want to do next is establish your baseline.
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So you're going to read for one minute.
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You're going to be focusing on reading at your normal speed.
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Of course, now you have an experimental or observer effect, so it might be slightly off, but that's all right.
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You're going to read for one minute, and then you're going to do the math.
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Multiply it out and figure out how many words roughly have I read.
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That is your words per minute rate, WPM.
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And what we do should help double or triple that without too much trouble.
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Alright, now I'll do a demo before we go into how to mess with your book.
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If you look at say my nose, alright, in this video, can you still see my finger?
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Of course you can.
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Can you still see my finger over here?
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Yes, you can.
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That is your peripheral vision, even if your fixation point, if your primary point of focus is right here.
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When we read, most of us, when we are taught to read, we read word by word.
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So we go from the furthermost left word to the furthermost right word, and so on.
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Seems logical.
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The problem with that is, is you're not using any of this space or the margins lines.
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And the way that you then remedy that is by drawing lines on some pages.
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And I would suggest you indent one word from either side.
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Okay?
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And so what that might look like is something like this.
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So now you have lines going down either side of the page.
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And instead of starting all the way to the left, you're going to start at this line, and then you're going to end at that line.
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So much like a, say, typewriter with a return carriage going down, you're now going to be zigzagging just as you would normally,
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but the parameters or the boundaries have been moved in by a word.
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You will not have any trouble reading, and you should still have full comprehension.
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And if you do this for, say, five to ten pages, Then, if you're not having any trouble whatsoever, you can indent by another word.
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And you can either use lines or you can spitball it.
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You can estimate it.
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And by doing this alone, just that, you can train yourself to get to the point where effectively,
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you are very much focusing on the middle third of the page.
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And you're just dotting down the page left to right.
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And that in and of itself could easily double your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.
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The next observation, just mechanically, that can be very helpful is that the eye doesn't track in a clean,
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smooth line when you are, say, glancing from left to right.
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So if you want to do a test, close one eye.
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You put a finger on that eye and then slowly track across the wall on the opposite side.
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And what you'll notice is that the eye jumps.
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And these are, I believe, I've never actually heard this said.
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I've only read it a million times.
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Cicadic movements.
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The eye will jump from fixation point to fixation point.
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And you can see this with retina scanning and eye tracking, which I've seen a fair amount of just in psychological studies.
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I've been an experimenter and a subject both at Princeton, where I did stuff actually in the lab of Danny Kahneman,
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who wrote Thinking Fast and Slow.
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Incredible, incredible scientist, but I was just clicking space bars looking at stuff on the screen.
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And then at UCSF and other places.
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How do we utilize that?
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What that means is when you're looking at a given page, your eye isn't moving smoothly across each line.
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It's fixation, fixation, fixation.
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So the less that we can regress, meaning bounce back or bounce up, you want to stay on that reliable forward path.
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And the fewer fixation points we have, it's just a math problem, the less time we're going to spend reading each page.
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So what does this mean?
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This means that thus far we've just been looking at the page and reading.
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What we're going to do now is use a pacer.
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So you could use your finger and now you are actually going to track with your finger, trace underneath the line like so.
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And try to think of two fixation points per line for your eye.
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But this will keep you from bouncing up to previously read material.
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We've all had the experience of being really sleepy, say, and feeling like you've read the same two lines five or six times.
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This is partially because your eyes are tired and you end up back skipping and jumping all over the place.
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So then you use your marker, your pacer, to move down the page.
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And the last test I would have you run, or experiment, prior to re -measurement, so let's say you do that for 10 minutes.
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And so you've moved in the boundaries, the edges of the page, so to speak, where you stop and go to the next line.
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And then you're minimizing the number of fixations, and you're preventing back skipping by using pacer.
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The next thing you're going to do is say for five minutes is to read slightly faster than your comprehension allows.
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So you want to get to the point where you're losing maybe 10%.
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And the effect that we're looking for is resetting your comfort set point in reading at full comprehension.
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In other words, if you're used to always driving at 30 miles an hour, and then you get to the point where you're on a highway,
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say I was just in Texas, and it was speed limit 80 miles an hour.
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Oh my God, does that feel fast.
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And suddenly you feel like you're operating at very high speed.
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You then dial back when you go into, say, a 55 zone, it feels like 30.
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All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.
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So for five minutes, just practice reading with slight comprehension loss.
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It's a little bit faster than is comfortable.
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And then what I want you to do is retest your word per minute rate.
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So now you're going to use the bumping in from either side you're going to use the pacer,
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and I want you to make sure that you have full comprehension.
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And in doing that, I would wager that the vast majority of you, probably close to 100%, if you followed all these instructions,
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will have at least improved your reading speed by 50%.
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Some of you will double, triple, quadruple your reading speed without sacrificing comprehension.
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No voodoo, no magic involved.
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It's just understanding the mechanics of the eye, a little bit about optical perception, and then recognizing how you can optimize that for the printed page.
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And that's it. So congratulations.
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You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.
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And for poetry, for fiction, you can always read slower.
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But now that you have a Ferrari instead of a Yugo, you can choose from a wider range of speeds.
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So there you have it.
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Have fun reading.
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I recommend both
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How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia and Vagabonding, among many, many others.
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There's a world out there to explore, so I'll let you get to it.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How to Speed Read”. As palavras que mais se repetem: word, page, reading, speed, eye. Este vídeo tem 120 frases e 1550 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 9:36. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 162 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| comprehension substantivo | /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ | compreensão |
| finger substantivo | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | dedo (da mão) |
| fiction substantivo | /ˈfɪkʃən/ | literatura de ficção, ficção |
| triple adjetivo | /ˈtɹɪp.əl/ | triplo |
| sacrifice substantivo | /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/ | sacrifício |
| bounce verbo | /baʊns/ | rebater |
| roughly advérbio | /ˈɹʌf.li/ | rudemente, precariamente |
| skip verbo | /skɪp/ | saltitar |
| mathematics substantivo | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | matemática |
| boundary substantivo | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | fronteira |
| vast adjetivo | /væst/ | vasto |
| consistent adjetivo | /kənˈsɪs.tənt/ | consistente |
| format substantivo | /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ | formato |
| establish verbo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | firmar, instaurar |
| respectively advérbio | /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/ | respectivamente, respetivamente |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| figure out verbo | descobrir, deduzir |
| go down verbo | descer |
| come up with verbo | pensar (em), alcançar |
| end up verbo | terminar, acabar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- Can you still see my finger over here?
- I've only read it a million times.
- How do we utilize that?
- All right, you've adapted to the faster speed.
- You've probably doubled or tripled your reading speed.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has been · have been moved · I've never actually heard |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are taught · have been moved |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 46 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, I've, you've. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, smooth /smuːð/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: skip /skɪp/, vast /væst/, consistent /kənˈsɪs.tənt/, format /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/, comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: triple /ˈtɹɪp.əl/, experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/, logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, optical /ˈɑptɪkəl/, dial /ˈdaɪ.əl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como comprehension, finger, fiction.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.