Prática de Shadowing: How to Use Writing to Sharpen Your Thinking - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Gonna talk a little bit about how to use writing and why you should use writing to improve your thinking.
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So I would credit much of the success I've had to
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whatever extent I've had success to learning how to write and to practicing writing.
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And the reason for that is
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that without writing it's very hard to freeze your thinking on paper so that you can sharpen it, so that you can see where,
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for instance, using words that aren't well -defined, where you're saying things that don't need to be said all of this will help everything else.
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I remember in college, for instance, when I took a class with John McPhee, an incredibly gifted writer and teacher, all of my grades in every other class went up
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because every extraneous bit of information that was hurting instead of helping me was taken out.
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So to sharpen the saw, a couple of different approaches.
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Number one is write anything, anything whatsoever stream of consciousness essay doesn't really matter let's just
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call it one to three pages something along the lines of morning pages
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and Julia Cameron the artists way popularized this
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and there are a number of folks like Brian Koppelman very
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well known writer screenwriter co -creator of the show billions swears by morning pages
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so that is an easy way to ease into the practice of just moving a pen I recommend freehand
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so that you can see your thinking on paper that accomplishes two things.
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Number one, it takes the anxieties and nebulous worries in your head, puts them down in a freeze frame so
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that you can kind of trap them in the printed form so you can get on with the rest of your day.
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The second thing it does is it allows you to see where you are sharp
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and where you are dull in your thinking.
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Now if you are drafting as I do for instance right now once a week writing, if you are looking for a proofreader and you do need a proofreader, if you can't find a professional writer
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because we can't all find professional writers talk to friends who have any type of legal training
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or you could even hire a lawyer to do this
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or a paralegal someone with a law degree they are trained to look at language very very carefully
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because in a dispute in a negotiation
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and a disagreement arbitration it's gonna come down to the wording of contracts
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and I have found that
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when I do not have access to professional writers it is oftentimes just as good
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or even better to get lawyers or people with legal training to read my writing.
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So that would be a workaround that I accidentally discovered that is very powerful.
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A few things to keep in mind when you are then doing revisions, because writing is in fact rewriting.
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You're gonna vomit out your first one or two pages, and my mantra of sorts, which I borrowed from someone else who is a career ghost writer, is two crappy pages.
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Two crappy pages per day.
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And very often you're going to exceed that and then write more
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but so that you set the game up in a way
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that is winnable two crappy pages is your minimum
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and it can be just brain vomit it can be worthless
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but you gotta get two pages all right once you have
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those two pages you can approach revision in a few different ways
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and you can revise yourself say in three rounds like my friend Neil Strauss who I think has seven
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or eight New York Times best -selling books at this point when he He does his first edit, he edits for himself, all right?
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So he's editing just for his pleasure, for his enjoyment, for what he thinks is good.
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Then the second round of edits, he will edit for his fans, the people he thinks will really love this material.
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The third round is for the critics, the people who try to tear it apart to find little niggly points that they could twist and so on.
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And that can be a helpful framework for revising.
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What I do with proofreaders, and you You can do this also with people who are not trained writers at all, and in fact you should have some lay people,
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so to speak, people who are not writers as a craft.
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Very simply, what I will ask people to do is read and highlight anything, this could be in a Google Doc, a Word doc on paper, that is confusing.
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People can like what you write, they can dislike it, they can love it, they can hate it, but it should not confuse anybody.
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All right, so the first thing I will do is I'll ask people, just highlight anything that is confusing
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or unclear all right that's that's step one anyone can do
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that the next is if you notice your mind wandering
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while you're reading this please note that all right so
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if something is slow
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and maybe it can be taken out note where your mind starts wandering all right the dictum there is
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when in doubt take it out just be like I don't know
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if I should take I don't know if I should keep this
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or not take it out at least as an experiment the other Another question that I pose to proofreaders, because you can train people to be very good proofreaders,
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is the 10 % rule, and it's not really a rule, but a guideline that I like to use.
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So I'll say, please indicate the 10 % I should keep no matter what.
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If there is 10 % that I should keep no matter what, what is the strongest 10 % like if there's 10 % I have to keep, please indicate that.
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And if I had to cut 10 % or even 20 % in some cases, I'll ask people, please indicate what you would cut if you had to cut something,
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even if this is an essay or a blog post that is a page or two long.
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And what you'll find if you approach writing systematically in this way and revision systematically in this way is your cognition,
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your analysis, your awareness of how you use words,
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how you use explanation, how you use questions will become so much sharper that it will transcend
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this type of exercise and begin to positively affect just about everything in your life.
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So for fulfillment, for excitement, for professional success, for personal success,
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I find writing to be arguably the most important practice.
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Good luck.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How to Use Writing to Sharpen Your Thinking”. As palavras que mais se repetem: page, writing, writer, proofreader, edit. Este vídeo tem 71 frases e 1105 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:51. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 189 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| edit verbo | /ˈɛdɪt/ | editar |
| indicate verbo | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | indicar |
| revision substantivo | /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/ | revisão |
| confuse verbo | /kənˈfjuːz/ | confundir |
| sharp adjetivo | /ʃɑɹp/ | afiado, aguçado |
| essay substantivo | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | ensaio, redação |
| highlight verbo | /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ | realçar, enfatizar |
| freeze verbo | /ˈfɹiːz/ | gelar, congelar |
| wander verbo | /ˈwɑndɚ/ | vagar, perambular |
| vomit verbo | /ˈvɑmɪt/ | vomitar, regurgitar |
| systematically advérbio | /ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪ.kli/ | sistematicamente |
| extent substantivo | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | extensão |
| carefully advérbio | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | cuidadosamente, cautelosamente |
| anxiety substantivo | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | angústia, ansiedade |
| awareness substantivo | /əˈwɛɹ.nəs/ | consciência |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| take out verbo | tirar, remover |
| get on with verbo | andar logo com |
| go up verbo | subir |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | be said · was taken · are trained |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | friends who have · people who try · people who are |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 21 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, don't, gonna. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: revision /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: systematically /ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪ.kli/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: edit /ˈɛdɪt/, indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/, sharp /ʃɑɹp/, highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: dull /dʌl/, paralegal /ˌpɛɹəˈliɡ(ə)l/, winnable /ˈwɪnəbəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, hire /ˈhaɪɹ/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como edit, indicate, revision.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.